Biology subjects

Neuhauser, S.

Publications and source records attributed to Neuhauser, S..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2018

Transcriptomic response in symptomless roots of clubroot infected kohlrabi mirrors resistant plants

BackgroundClubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae (Phytomyxea, Rhizaria) is one of the economically most important diseases of Brassica crops. The formation of hypertrophied roots accompanied by altered metabolism and hormone homeostasis is typical for infected plants. Not all roots of infected plants show the same phenotypic changes. While some roots remain uninfected, others develop galls of diverse size. The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the intra-plant heterogeneity of P. brassicae root galls and symptomless roots of the same host plants (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes) collected from a commercial field in Austria using transcriptome analyses.\n\nResultsTranscriptomes were markedly different between symptomless roots and gall tissue. Symptomless roots showed transcriptomic traits previously described for resistant plants. Genes involved in host cell wall synthesis and reinforcement were up-regulated in symptomless roots indicating elevated tolerance against P. brassicae. By contrast, genes involved in cell wall degradation and modification processes like expansion were up-regulated in root galls. Hormone metabolism differed between symptomless roots and galls. Brassinosteroid-synthesis was down-regulated in root galls, whereas jasmonic acid synthesis was down-regulated in symptomless roots. Cytokinin metabolism and signalling were up-regulated in symptomless roots with the exception of one CKX6 homolog, which was strongly down-regulated. Salicylic acid (SA) mediated defence response was up-regulated in symptomless roots, compared with root gall tissue. This is probably caused by a secreted benzoic acid salicylic acid methyl transferase from the pathogen (PbBSMT), which was one of the highest expressed pathogen genes in gall tissue. The PbBSMT derived Methyl-SA potentially leads to increased pathogen tolerance in uninfected roots.\n\nConclusionsInfected and uninfected roots of clubroot infected plants showed transcriptomic differences similar to those previously described between clubroot resistant and susceptible hosts. The here described intra-plant heterogeneity suggests, that for a better understanding of clubroot disease targeted, spatial analyses of clubroot infected plants will be vital in understanding this economically important disease.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2018

Biotrophic interactions disentangled: In-situ localisation of mRNAs to decipher plant and algal pathogen - host interactions at single cell level.

Plant-pathogen interactions follow spatiotemporal developmental dynamics where gene expression in pathogen and host undergo crucial changes. It is of great interest to detect, quantify and localise where and when key genes are active or inactive. Here, we adapt single molecule FISH techniques to demonstrate presence and activity of mRNAs using phytomyxids in their plant and algal host from laboratory and field materials. This allowed to monitor and quantify the expression of genes from the clubroot pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae, several species of its Brassica hosts, and of several brown algae, including the genome model Ectocarpus siliculosus, infected with the phytomyxid Maullinia ectocarpii. We show that mRNAs are localised along a spatiotemporal gradient, thus providing proof-of-concept of the usefulness of these methods. These methods are easily adaptable to any interaction between microbes and their algal or plant host, and have the potential to increase our understanding of processes underpinning complex plant-microbe interactions.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2018

PDX Finder: A Portal for Patient-Derived tumor Xenograft Model Discovery

Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) mouse models are a versatile oncology research platform for studying tumor biology and for testing chemotherapeutic approaches tailored to genomic characteristics of individual patients tumors. PDX models are generated and distributed by a diverse group of academic labs, research organizations, multi-institution consortia, and contract research organizations. The distributed nature of PDX repositories and the use of different standards in the associated metadata presents a significant challenge to finding PDX models relevant to specific cancer research questions. The Jackson Laboratory and EMBL-EBI are addressing these challenges by co-developing PDX Finder, a comprehensive open global catalog of PDX models and their associated datasets. Within PDX Finder, model attributes are harmonized and integrated using a previously developed community minimal information standard to support consistent searching across the originating resources. Links to repositories are provided from the PDX Finder search results to facilitate model acquisition and/or collaboration. The PDX Finder resource currently contains information for more than 1900 PDX models of diverse cancers including those from large resources such as the Patient-Derived Models Repository, PDXNet, and EurOPDX. Individuals or organizations that generate and distribute PDXs are invited to increase the \"findability\" of their models by participating in the PDX Finder initiative at www.pdxfinder.org.

cancer biology↗