Biology subjects

Neil, B. H.

Publications and source records attributed to Neil, B. H..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Stress granule component TIA-1 is a specific negative regulator of the non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome.

Inflammasomes are cytosolic signaling hubs assembled upon pathogen- or damage associated molecular patterns (PAMP and DAMP) sensing by innate immune pattern recognition receptors (PRR). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) present on the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria is a PAMP that activates caspase 11 (CASP11) dependent nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome (known as non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome) leading to pyroptosis. Several host factors are shown to promote non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation by making LPS readily available for recognition by CASP11. Here, we report T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA1), an RNA binding protein as a negative regulator of non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome. Using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), we demonstrated that the loss of TIA1 led to an increase in caspase-1 (CASP1) activity in response to cytosolic LPS. A previous study had demonstrated that mice lacking Tia1 are more susceptible to LPS mediated endotoxic shock. Our results provide a potential explanation for this observation by showing loss of TIA1 increases non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation resulting in increased inflammation and pathogenesis during LPS mediated endotoxic shock. Further, TIA1 mediated inhibition of non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome is independent of TIA1s regulatory role in gene transcription as well as its role in stress granule assembly. TIA1 is also dispensable for activation of the canonical NLRP3 inflammasome as well as AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasomes. While, the exact mechanism by which TIA1 inhibits non-canonical inflammasome activation remains to be elucidated, our finding that TIA1 is a negative regulator indicates the presence of undiscovered regulatory mechanisms. Future studies will focus on unraveling these mechanisms for developing anti-inflammatory drugs that exploit non-canonical inflammasome activity modulation.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2024

Combination of live attenuated and adenovirus-based vaccines completely protects interferon gamma (IFNγ) knockout mice against pneumonic plague

Two live attenuated vaccines (LAVs), LMA and LMP, were evaluated alone or in combination with a trivalent adenoviral vector-based vaccine (Ad5-YFV) for their efficacy and immune responses in wild type (WT) and interferon gamma (IFN{gamma}) knockout (KO) mice in a C57BL/6 background. While LMA and LMP are triple deletion mutants of Yersinia pestis CO92 strain, Ad5-YFV incorporates three protective plague immunogens. An impressive 80-100% protection was observed in all vaccinated animals against highly lethal intranasal challenge doses of parental Y. pestis CO92. All vaccinated mice generated robust humoral and cellular immune responses. The immunized WT mice showed overall better antibody responses in both serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with much higher percentages of polyfunctional T cell populations. On the other hand, vaccinated IFN{gamma} KO mice displayed better B cell activity in germinal centers with higher percentages of activated antigen specific T cells and memory T cells. In addition, depletion of IFN{gamma} and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) from immunized WT mice prior to and during infection did not reduce protection against pulmonary Y. pestis CO92 challenge. These data demonstrated a dispensable nature of IFN{gamma} in mediating protection by the aforementioned vaccines. This is the first detailed immunogenicity study of two plague LAVs administered either alone or in combination with an Ad5-YFV vaccine in a prime-boost immunization strategy in IFN{gamma} KO mice. Further, by combining advantages of live-attenuated and adenovirus-based vaccines, augmentation of generalized immune responses were observed which could be beneficial in providing long-lasting immunity in the host.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2024

A Bacteriophage Cocktail Targeting Yersinia pestis Provides Strong Post-Exposure Protection in a Rat Pneumonic Plague Model

Yersinia pestis, one of the deadliest bacterial pathogens ever known, is responsible for three plague pandemics and several epidemics, with over 200 million deaths during recorded history. Due to high genomic plasticity, Y. pestis is amenable to genetic mutations as well as genetic engineering that can lead to the emergence or intentional development of pan-drug resistant strains. The dissemination of such Y. pestis strains could be catastrophic, with public health consequences far more daunting than those caused by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop novel, safe, and effective treatment approaches for managing Y. pestis infections. This includes infections by antigenically distinct strains for which vaccines, none FDA approved yet, may not be effective, and those that cannot be controlled by approved antibiotics. Lytic bacteriophages provide one such alternative approach. In this study, we examined post-exposure efficacy of a bacteriophage cocktail, YPP-401, to combat pneumonic plague caused by Y. pestis CO92. YPP-401 is a four-phage preparation with a 100% lytic activity against a panel of 68 genetically diverse Y. pestis strains. Using a pneumonic plague aerosol challenge model in gender-balanced Brown Norway rats, YPP-401 demonstrated [~]88% protection when delivered 18 hours post-exposure for each of two administration routes (i.e., intraperitoneal and intranasal) in a dose-dependent manner. Our studies suggest that YPP-401 could provide an innovative, safe, and effective approach for managing Y. pestis infections, including those caused by naturally occurring or intentionally developed strains that cannot be managed by vaccines in development and antibiotics.

microbiology↗