The impact of multifactorial stress combination on plant growth and survival
O_LIClimate change-driven extreme weather events, combined with increasing temperatures, harsh soil conditions, low water availability and quality, and the introduction of many man-made pollutants, pose a unique challenge to plants. Although our knowledge of the response of plants to each of these individual conditions is vast, we know very little about how a combination of many of these factors, occurring simultaneously, i.e., multifactorial stress combination, impacts plants. C_LIO_LISeedlings of wild type and different mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana plants were subjected to a multifactorial stress combination of six different stresses, each applied at a low level, and their survival, physiological and molecular responses determined. C_LIO_LIOur findings reveal that while each of the different stresses, applied individually, had a negligible effect on plant growth and survival, the accumulated impact of multifactorial stress combination on plants was detrimental. We further show that the response of plants to multifactorial stress combination is unique and that specific pathways and processes play a critical role in the acclimation of plants to multifactorial stress combination. C_LIO_LITaken together our findings reveal that further polluting our environment could result in higher complexities of multifactorial stress combinations that in turn could drive a critical decline in plant growth and survival. C_LI Plain Language SummaryThe effects of multiple stress conditions occurring simultaneously, i.e., multifactorial stress combination, on plants is currently unknown. Here we show that different co-occurring stresses can interact to negatively impact plant growth and survival, even if the effect of each individual stress is negligible. We further identify several key pathways essential for plant acclimation to multifactorial stress combination.