A deep convolutional neural network approach for astrocyte detection
Astrocytes are involved in brain pathologies such as trauma or stroke, neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease, chronic pain, and many others. Determining cell density and timing of morphological and biochemical changes is important for a proper understanding of the role of astrocytes in physiological and pathological conditions. One of the most important of such analyses is astrocytes count within a complex tissue environment in microscopy images. The most widely used approaches for the quantification of microscopy images data are either manual stereological cell counting or semi-automatic segmentation techniques. Detecting astrocytes automatically is a highly challenging computational task, for which we currently lack efficient image analysis tools. In this study, we developed a fast and fully automated software that assesses the number of astrocytes using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN). The method highly outperforms state-of-the-art image analysis and machine learning methods and provides detection accuracy and precision comparable to that of human experts. Additionally, the runtime of cell detection is significantly less than other three analyzed computational methods, and it is faster than human observers by orders of magnitude. We applied DCNN-based method to examine the number of astrocytes in different brain regions of rats with opioid-induced hyperalgesia/tolerance (OIH/OIT) as morphine tolerance is believed to activate glial cells in the brain. We observed strong positive correlation between manual cell detection and DCNN-based analysis method for counting astrocytes in the brains of experimental animals.