Biology subjects

Mohammed, R. A.

Publications and source records attributed to Mohammed, R. A..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Green-synthesized silver and iron nanoparticles from Alstonia boonei and Terminalia catappa as antimalarial agent in mice model

Malaria a major health scourge of high impact in sub-sahara, with a major control-drawback on issues of resistance of the parasite to antimalaria. Nanoparticles have been investigated for their capacity to effectively deliver antimalarial drugs to kill the parasites, avoid drug resistance evolution and maintain a low toxic side effects. This study investigated the antiplasmodial efficacies of two plant green-synthesized with AgNO3 and FeSO4 salts against Plasmodium berghei infected mice using, an acute toxicity test (LD50) of the Terminalia-catappa AgNPs (TCA), Alstonia-boonei AgNPs (AA), Terminalia-catappa FeSO4 (TCF) and Alstonia-boonei FeSO4 (AF) in accordance with Lorkes method. The LD50 was above 5000 mg/kg of TCA and AA while 223.6 mg/kg in TCF and AF. Each nanoparticles exhibited high dose dependent P. berghei inhibition which was 62.20 % and 75.6 % in the TCA 200 mg/kg AA 100 mg/kg, 61.5 % and 75.3 % in the TCF 300 mg/kg and AF 200 mg/kg and doses in the curative groups, 92. 4 % and 93.1 % for TCA 100 mg/kg, AA 100 mg/kg 94.1 in 100 mg/kg dose and AF had 92.1 % at 300 mg/kg doses in the prophylactic groups. The groups treated with orthodox drugs had low parasitemia while the negative control recorded high parasitemia. There was no significant difference (P 0.05) in the mean change of the dosage in the different nanoparticles. These findings revealed all nanoparticles possesses a dose-dependent curative and prophylactic antiplasmodial activity and calls for their development and standardization as effective and readily available antimalarial options.

zoology↗

bioRxiv2023

DISTRIBUTION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES IN SOME SELECTED INSECT SPECIES IN OSOGBO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OSUN STATE, NIGERIA

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are leading biological control agents used to combat many insect pests in many regions of the world. This study investigated the distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes in four insect species; Zonocerus variegatus, Mantis religiosa, Butterfly and Moth across dry and rainy seasons in Osogbo Local Government Area of Osun State. Insect samples were collected from different sampling stations (cultivated farmlands, vegetation of grasses, and forested lands) using an entomological sweep net. The insects were dissected in a normal saline medium for the presence of EPN. A further verification was made, 60 soil samples were retrieved randomly from the disturbed agroecosystem (where insects were sampled) and an undisturbed agroecosystem (Osun-Osogbo Groove). The soil samples were screened for EPN presence using Tenebrio molitor larva (mealworm) as baits, while infected baits are placed on modified white traps to recover EPNs. A total of 876 insects samples comprising; Zonocerus variegatus 556 (63.5%), Mantis religiosa 36 (4.1%), Butterflies 158 (18.0%) and Moths 126 (14.4%) were collected from the disturbed agroecosystem based on sweep net efficiency and species availability. After screening, only 1 (0.1%) insect specimen (Mantis religiosa) specimen successfully harbour an EPN, identified as Mermis spp. Result from statistical analysis indicates that both season and insects age do not have influence on the distribution of EPN (P>0.05). Moreover, the low infectivity of EPN in the sampled insect was presumed to be caused by EPNs foraging strategies, flooding and other host of factors. This led to further probing through screening of soil samples. Of all 36 soil samples screened from the disturbed agroecosystem, EPNs had zero prevalence. However, from all the (24) soil samples collected from the undisturbed agroecosystem, EPNs belonging to the genus Heterorhabditis were recovered and identified using morphological and morphometric characters. The absolute frequency of occurrence of EPN in the disturbed agroecosystem was zero compared to 100% recorded for the undisturbed agroecosystem. This study infers that EPN occurrence, dispersal, and persistence in the ecosystem are found to be adversely affected by intense anthropogenic activities.

zoology↗

bioRxiv2020

Epitope - based peptide vaccine against glycoprotein GPC precursor of Lujo virus using immunoinformatics approaches

BackgroundLujo virus (LUJV) is a highly fatal human pathogen belonging to the Arenaviridae family. Lujo virus causes viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF). An In silico molecular docking was performed on the GPC domain of Lujo virus in complex with the first CUB domain of neuropilin-2. The aim of this study is to predict effective epitope-based vaccine against glycoprotein GPC precursor of Lujo virus using immunoinformatics approaches. Methods and Materialsglycoprotein GPC precursor of Lujo virus Sequence was retrieved from NCBI. Different prediction tools were used to analyze the nominees epitopes in BepiPred-2.0: Sequential B-Cell Epitope Predictor for B-cell, T-cell MHC class II & I. Then the proposed peptides were docked using Autodock 4.0 software program. Results and ConclusionsThe proposed and promising peptides FWYLNHTKL and YMFSVTLCI shows a very strong binding affinity to MHC class I & II alleles with high population coverage for the world, South Africa and Sudan. This indicates a strong potential to formulate a new vaccine, especially with the peptide YMFSVTLCI which is likely to be the first proposed epitope-based vaccine against glycoprotein GPC of Lujo virus. This study recommends an in-vivo assessment for the most promising peptides especially FWYLNHTKL, YMFSVTLCI and LPCPKPHRLR.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2019

Epitope-based peptide vaccine against glycoprotein G of Nipah henipavirus using immunoinformatics approaches

BackgroundNipah virus (NiV) is a member of the genus Henipavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae, characterized by high pathogenicity and endemic in South Asia, first emerged in Malaysia in 1998. The case-fatality varies from 40% to 70% depending on the severity of the disease and on the availability of adequate healthcare facilities. At present no antiviral drugs are available for NiV disease and the treatment is just supportive. Clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic infection to fatal encephalitis. Bats are the main reservoir for this virus, which can cause disease in humans and animals. The last investigated NiV outbreak has occurred in May 2018 in Kerala.\n\nObjectiveThis study aims to predict effective epitope-based vaccine against glycoprotein G of Nipah henipavirus using immunoinformatics approaches.\n\nMethods and MaterialsGlycoprotein G of Nipah henipavirus sequence was retrieved from NCBI. Different prediction tools were used to analyze the nominees epitopes in BepiPred-2.0: Sequential B-Cell Epitope Predictor for B-cell, T-cell MHC class II & I. Then the proposed peptides were docked using Autodock 4.0 software program.\n\nResults and ConclusionsPeptide TVYHCSAVY shows a very strong binding affinity to MHC I alleles while FLIDRINWI shows a very strong binding affinity to MHC II and MHC I alleles. This indicates a strong potential to formulate a new vaccine, especially with the peptide FLIDRINWI that is likely to be the first proposed epitope-based vaccine against glycoprotein G of Nipah henipavirus. This study recommends an in-vivo assessment for the most promising peptides especially FLIDRINWI.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2018

Knowledge and attitudes of Ebola among the general public of Trinidad and Tobago during the 2014-15 West Africa outbreak

ObjectiveHealth system resilience and resilience of a country include the capacity of health personnel, institutions, and populations to prepare for and effectively respond to crises. This study investigates the knowledge and attitudes of the public concerning Ebola Virus Disease in Trinidad and Tobago.\n\nDesign and MethodsA cross sectional study whereby respondents (n = 920) were sampled from public places. Data were collected via interviewer administered questionnaires. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23.\n\nResultsThe response rate was 67.6 % (622/920). The main age category of responders was the 20 to 30 year age category (40.5%); responders were mostly female (58.0 %). Regarding knowledge, there were significant differences among occupational categories (F = 2.811, df1 = 6, df2 = 571, p-value = 0.011). Tukeys HSD post hoc test revealed that the mean knowledge scores for professional and sales occupations differed significantly (p-value = 0.003). There was a significant association between being afraid to go for treatment and age (p-value = 0.001). Significant associations were also found between occupational grouping and education attainment with opinion about the preparedness of private medical facilities, likelihood to shun family members with Ebola, being afraid to go for treatment and preference for traditional medicine (p-value <0.05).\n\nConclusionThis study highlights opportunities for community engagement to enhance health system resilience during outbreaks which would maximise national and global health security.

epidemiology↗