A Straightforward Approach for Living Biomembrane Printing onto Nanoparticle
Biomembrane coating technologies have increasingly been pursued to grant natural dynamic bio-interfaces onto synthetic nanomaterials. Herein, we report a one-step method to coat "living" biomembrane on nanoparticle surfaces in a non-destructive manner. In our method, nanoparticles were efficiently coated with cell membranes without losing the structural integrity by mechanically facilitating the passage of nanoparticles to a concentration layer of living cells with simple centrifugation. This was similar to the exosome-releasing process via endocytosis and exocytosis. The biomembrane originating from living Raw264.7 cells was coated onto the silica nanoparticle prepared by our method, and proteome profiling with nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry demonstrated that it was constructed with proteins derived from the membranous component. This proteome profile was not observed in silica nanoparticles prepared with dead cells. Finally, the hybridized cell membrane effectively suppressed the phagocytic activity of Raw264.7 cells to silica nanoparticles and improved the uptake efficiency into cancer cells. We believe our simple and efficient method to coat living biomembranes should be useful in developing medical and pharmaceutical applications involving nanoparticles.