Biology subjects

Mishra, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Mishra, M..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2018

Deacetylation of catalytic lysine in CDK1 is essential for Cyclin-B binding and cell cycle

Cyclin-dependent-kinases (CDKs) are essential for cell cycle progression. While dependence of CDK activity on Cyclin levels is established, molecular mechanisms that regulate their binding are less studied. Here, we show that CDKl:Cyclin-B interactions are regulated by acetylation, which was hitherto unknown. We demonstrate that cell cycle dependent acetylation of the evolutionarily conserved catalytic lysine in CDK1 or eliminating its charge state abrogates Cyclin-B binding. Opposing activities of SIRT1 and P300 regulate acetylation, which marks a reserved pool of CDK1. Our high resolution structural analyses into the formation of kinase competent CDK1: Cyclin-B complex have unveiled long-range effects of catalytic lysine in configuring the CDK1 interface for Cyclin-B binding. Cells expressing acetylation mimic mutant of Cdc2 in yeast are arrested in G2 and fail to divide. Thus, by illustrating cell cycle dependent deacetylation as a determinant of CDK1:Cyclin-B interaction, our results redefine the current model of CDK1 activation and cell cycle progression.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2017

Coarse-grained simulations of actomyosin rings point to a nodeless model involving both unipolar and bipolar myosins

Cytokinesis in most eukaryotic cells is orchestrated by a contractile actomyosin ring. While many of the proteins involved are known, the mechanism of constriction remains unclear. Informed by existing literature and new 3D molecular details from electron cryotomography, here we develop 3D coarse-grained models of actin filaments, unipolar and bipolar myosins, actin crosslinkers, and membranes and simulate their nteractions. Exploring a matrix of possible actomyosin configurations suggested that node-based architectures ike those presently described for ring assembly result in membrane puckers not seen in EM images of real cells. Instead, the model that best matches data from fluorescence microscopy, electron cryotomography, and biochemical experiments is one in which actin filaments transmit force to the membrane through evenly-distributed, membrane-attached, unipolar myosins, with bipolar myosins in the ring driving contraction. While at this point this model is only favored (not proven), the work highlights the power of coarse-grained biophysical simulations to compare complex mechanistic hypotheses.\n\nSignificance StatementIn most eukaryotes, a ring of actin and myosin drives cell division, but how the elements of the ring are arranged and constrict remain unclear. Here we use 3D coarse-grained simulations to explore various possibilities. Our simulations suggest that if actomyosin is arranged in nodes (as suggested by a popular model of ring assembly), the membrane distorts in ways not seen experimentally. Instead, actin and myosin are more ikely uniformly distributed around the ring. In the model that best fits experimental data, ring tension is generated by interactions between bipolar myosins and actin, and transmitted to the membrane via unipolar myosins. Technologically the study highlights how coarse-grained simulations can test specific mechanistic hypotheses by comparing their predicted outcomes to experimental results.

biophysics↗

bioRxiv2017

Structure of the fission yeast actomyosin ring during constriction

Cell division in many eukaryotes is driven by a ring containing actin and myosin. While much is known about the main proteins involved, the precise arrangement of actin filaments within the contractile machinery, and how force is transmitted to the membrane remains unclear. Here we use cryosectioning and cryo-focused ion beam milling to gain access to cryo-preserved actomyosin rings in Schizosaccharomyces pombe for direct three-dimensional imaging by electron cryotomography. Our results show that straight, overlapping actin filaments, running nearly parallel to each other and to the membrane, form a loose bundle of approximately 150 nm in diameter that \"saddles\" the inward-bending membrane at the leading edge of the division septum. The filaments do not make direct contact with the membrane. Our analysis of the actin filaments reveals the variability in filament number, nearest-neighbor distances between filaments within the bundle, their distance from the membrane and angular distribution with respect to the membrane.\n\nSignificance StatementMost eukaryotic cells divide using a contractile actomyosin ring, but its structure is unknown. Here we use new specimen preparation methods and electron cryotomography to image constricting rings directly in 3D, in a near-native state in the model organism Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Our images reveal the arrangement of individual actin filaments within the contracting actomyosin ring.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2017

Daily activity and visual discrimination reflects the eye organization of weaver ant Oecophylla smaragdina (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The currently studied ant Oecophylla smaragdina is arboreal in nature. It shows unique property in terms of its nest building behavior using leaves of the tree. The ant uses its eye to locate the food and nest. Eye types vary among ants living in the different habitat. In this context, the structure of the eye, daily activity and the foraging behaviour of O. smaragdina are missing from the literature. For the first time, the current study discovers: (1) the ant O. smaragdina forage in fully lighted condition. (2)The eye structure shows that the eye is adapted to a diurnal lifestyle.(3) The daily activity is proportional to the temperature of the surroundings. The study significantly correlates the role of vision in the foraging behaviour of O. smaragdina. The daily activity is further associated with the surrounding light and ambient temperature. The current study uncovers the structure of the eye and eye-related behaviour of the animal not described in earlier studies.

neuroscience↗