Michot, M. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2026

Integration of clinical and T-cell immune profiling to predict early response to CD3xBCMA bispecific antibody immunotherapy in Multiple Myeloma

The emergence of bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) targeting T cells (CD3+) and tumor plasma B cells (BCMA+) has provided a new therapeutic option for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma cancer. However, responses to CD3xBCMA BsAb therapy remain heterogeneous, and treatment is associated with frequent immune-related adverse events. Although baseline immune characteristics have been associated with clinical outcomes, little is known about the early immune dynamics induced by this therapy. Here, we investigated whether longitudinal clinical monitoring and high-dimensional profiling of blood circulating T cells could identify early biomarkers of response or toxicity during treatment. Our results indicate that all treated patients exhibit an early depletion of circulating T cells associated with T-cell activation within the first two weeks. Integration of clinical and immunological parameters using Factorial Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) identified immune features associated with treatment outcome. Responders had lower plasma soluble BCMA concentrations, fewer bone lesions, higher circulating lymphocyte counts at baseline. During the first days of treatment, responders exhibited a more pronounced increase in plasma CXCL10 levels, associated with a greater decrease in T lymphocyte counts. Overall, our findings suggest that integrating clinical and immune parameters measured during the first days of treatment may enable early patient stratification and support the development of a predictive score to identify patients with multiple myeloma who are most likely to benefit from CD3xBCMA BsAb therapy. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=94 SRC="FIGDIR/small/743749v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (34K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1cb079org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1860106org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@ad36d3org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1ea5c1e_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG HighlightsO_LIIntegrated clinical and blood T-cell immune profiling using FAMD enables patient stratification following CD3xBCMA BsAb therapy. C_LIO_LIT-cell immune activation occurs predominantly within the first two weeks of therapy. C_LIO_LIFirst-week clinical and immune parameters identify patients most likely to benefit from therapy. C_LIO_LIHigh CXCL10 levels, a profound early decline in circulating T cells, low sBCMA levels, and fewer bone lesions are candidate predictive markers of treatment response. C_LI

immunology↗

bioRxiv2025

Strain Matters: The 129S1/SvlmJ Mouse Model Reveals the Genetic and Inflammatory Susceptibility to Hypertensive Complications

BackgroundHypertension is a leading cause of microvascular injury, yet the genetic determinants of organ-specific vulnerability remain poorly understood. Yest, we need good mouse models to investigate the complication of hypertension. This study investigates the role of genetic background in shaping hypertensive complications by comparing two mouse strains with divergent inflammatory responses. MethodsThree-month-old 129S1/SvlmJ and C57BL/6J mice received 600 ng/kg/min of angiotensin II (AngII) or saline. We compared the consequences of ANG2-induced blood pressure elevation on kidney function, BBB intergrity and cardiac hypertropy. Blood pressure (BP) was assessed by telemetry. Vascular injury markers in the brain, heart, kidneys, and retinas were systematically evaluated. ResultsBoth strains developed similar moderate hypertension with AngII. Only 129S1/SvlmJ mice exhibited spatial learning and memory deficits, blood-brain barrier hyperpermeability, astrocyte activation, retinal artery damage, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and renal podocyte lesions with urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) after AngII treatment. Transcriptomic analysis of brain microvessels highlighted strain-specific differences in gene regulation, particularly in inflammatory pathways, which may explain the higher vulnerability of 129S1/SvlmJ mice to hypertensive organ damage. These findings were supported in vivo by increased resident and perivascular macrophage recruitment in the brain of C57BL6/J mice under AngII compared to the 129S1/SvlmJ strain. ConclusionOur findings highlight the critical role of genetic background in shaping hypertensive complications. The 129S1/SvlmJ strain serves as a valuable model for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of hypertensive organ damage, emphasizing neurovascular inflammation as a potential therapeutic target. Translational PerspectiveThis study highlights the 129/Sv mouse strain as a superior translational model compared to the widely used C57BL/6J strain, which, despite being a standard in cardiovascular research, fails to reliably reproduce severe hypertensive organ complications. The 129/Sv strain closely mimics human hypertensive damage, including cerebral small vessel disease, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and retinopathy. Transcriptomic analysis of cerebral microvessels identifies maladaptive inflammation as a critical mechanistic driver of susceptibility. These findings underline the clinical relevance of genetic predisposition, improving risk stratification and providing a robust preclinical platform to develop targeted anti-inflammatory therapies aimed at preventing hypertension-induced end-organ damage in patients.

pathology↗