Biology subjects

Metzger, B. A.

Publications and source records attributed to Metzger, B. A..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2023

Brain mechanisms underlying the emotion processing bias in treatment-resistant depression

Depression is associated with a cognitive bias towards negative information and away from positive information. This biased emotion processing may underlie core depression symptoms, including persistent feelings of sadness or low mood and a reduced capacity to experience pleasure. The neural mechanisms responsible for this biased emotion processing remain unknown. Here, we had a unique opportunity to record stereotactic electroencephalography (sEEG) signals in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC) from 5 treatment-resistant depression (TRD) patients and 12 epilepsy patients (as control) while they participated in an affective bias task in which happy and sad faces were rated. First, compared with the control group, patients with TRD showed increased amygdala responses to sad faces in the early stage (around 300 ms) and decreased amygdala responses to happy faces in the late stage (around 600 ms) following the onset of faces. Further, during the late stage of happy face processing, alpha-band activity in PFC as well as alpha-phase locking between the amygdala and PFC were significantly greater in TRD patients compared to the controls. Second, after deep brain stimulation (DBS) delivered to bilateral subcallosal cingulate (SCC) and ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS), atypical amygdala and PFC processing of happy faces in TRD patients remitted toward the normative pattern. The increased amygdala activation during the early stage of sad face processing suggests an overactive bottom-up processing system in TRD. Meanwhile, the reduced amygdala response during the late stage of happy face processing could be attributed to inhibition by PFC through alpha-band oscillation, which can be released by DBS in SCC and VC/VS.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2022

Intracranial EEG spectral feature analysis and focal brain stimulation reveal affective specialization within dorsal anterior cingulate cortex

Emotion is represented in several limbic and prefrontal cortical brain areas herein referred to as the Affective Salience Network (ASN). Within this network, less is known about how valence and intensity are processed in the dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC), and how affective processes in dACC compare to activity in other nodes within the ASN. Using a novel spectral feature approach to analyze intracranial electrophysiological data, we discover hemispheric specialization in the dACC such that the right hemisphere is sensitive to intensity while the left hemisphere is sensitive to valence and negative affective bias. We further applied 130 Hz continuous stimulation to the anterior cingulum bundle while patients viewed emotional faces. Faces were rated happier in all patients, an effect modulated by baseline affective bias, suggesting a causal role for the dACC during the processing of external affective stimuli.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2021

Spontaneous Neuronal Oscillations in the Human Insula are Hierarchically Organized Traveling Waves

The insula plays a fundamental role in a wide range of adaptive human behaviors, but its electrophysiological dynamics are poorly understood. Here we used human intracranial electroencephalographic recordings to investigate the electrophysiological properties and hierarchical organization of spontaneous neuronal oscillations within the insula. We analyzed the neuronal oscillations of the insula directly and found that rhythms in the theta and beta frequency oscillations are widespread and spontaneously present. These oscillations are largely organized along the anterior-posterior axis of the insula. Both the left and right insula showed anterior-to-posterior decreasing gradients for the power of oscillations in the beta frequency band. The left insula also showed a posterior-to-anterior decreasing frequency gradient and an anterior-to-posterior decreasing power gradient in the theta frequency band. In addition to measuring the power of these oscillations, we also examined the phase of these signals across simultaneous recording channels and found that the insula oscillations in the theta and beta bands are traveling waves. The strength of the traveling waves in each frequency was positively correlated with the amplitude of each oscillation. However, the theta and beta traveling waves were uncoupled to each other in terms of phase and amplitude, which suggested that insula traveling waves in the theta and beta bands operate independently. Our findings provide new insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics and hierarchical organization of neuronal oscillations within the insula, which, given its rich connectivity with widespread cortical regions, indicates that oscillations and traveling waves have an important role in intra- and inter-insula communication.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2020

Responses to Visual Speech in Human Posterior Superior Temporal Gyrus Examined with iEEG Deconvolution

Experimentalists studying multisensory integration compare neural responses to multisensory stimuli with responses to the component modalities presented in isolation. This procedure is problematic for multisensory speech perception since audiovisual speech and auditory-only speech are easily intelligible but visual-only speech is not. To overcome this confound, we developed intracranial encephalography (iEEG) deconvolution. Individual stimuli always contained both auditory and visual speech but jittering the onset asynchrony between modalities allowed for the time course of the unisensory responses and the interaction between them to be independently estimated. We applied this procedure to electrodes implanted in human epilepsy patients (both male and female) over the posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG), a brain area known to be important for speech perception. iEEG deconvolution revealed sustained, positive responses to visual-only speech and larger, phasic responses to auditory-only speech. Confirming results from scalp EEG, responses to audiovisual speech were weaker than responses to auditory- only speech, demonstrating a subadditive multisensory neural computation. Leveraging the spatial resolution of iEEG, we extended these results to show that subadditivity is most pronounced in more posterior aspects of the pSTG. Across electrodes, subadditivity correlated with visual responsiveness, supporting a model in visual speech enhances the efficiency of auditory speech processing in pSTG. The ability to separate neural processes may make iEEG deconvolution useful for studying a variety of complex cognitive and perceptual tasks. Significance statementUnderstanding speech is one of the most important human abilities. Speech perception uses information from both the auditory and visual modalities. It has been difficult to study neural responses to visual speech because visual-only speech is difficult or impossible to comprehend, unlike auditory-only and audiovisual speech. We used intracranial encephalography (iEEG) deconvolution to overcome this obstacle. We found that visual speech evokes a positive response in the human posterior superior temporal gyrus, enhancing the efficiency of auditory speech processing.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2019

Cross-modal suppression of auditory association cortex by visual speech as a mechanism for audiovisual speech perception

Vision provides a perceptual head start for speech perception because most speech is \"mouth-leading\": visual information from the talkers mouth is available before auditory information from the voice. However, some speech is \"voice-leading\" (auditory before visual). Consistent with a model in which vision modulates subsequent auditory processing, there was a larger perceptual benefit of visual speech for mouth-leading vs. voice-leading words (28% vs. 4%). The neural substrates of this difference were examined by recording broadband high-frequency activity from electrodes implanted over auditory association cortex in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) of epileptic patients. Responses were smaller for audiovisual vs. auditory-only mouth-leading words (34% difference) while there was little difference (5%) for voice-leading words. Evidence for cross-modal suppression of auditory cortex complements our previous work showing enhancement of visual cortex (Ozker et al., 2018b) and confirms that multisensory interactions are a powerful modulator of activity throughout the speech perception network.\n\nImpact StatementHuman perception and brain responses differ between words in which mouth movements are visible before the voice is heard and words for which the reverse is true.

physiology↗