AMH protects the ovary from doxorubicin by regulating cell fate and the response to DNA damage
Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) protects the ovarian reserve from chemotherapy, and this effect is most pronounced with Doxorubicin (DOX). However, the mechanisms of DOX toxicity and AMH rescue in the ovary remain unclear. Herein, we characterize these mechanisms in various ovarian cell types using scRNAseq. In the mesenchyme, DOX activates the intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway through p53 class mediators, particularly affecting theca progenitors, while co-treament with AMH halts theca differentiation and reduces apoptotic gene expression. In preantral granulosa cells, DOX upregulates the cell cycle inhibitor Cdkn1a and dysregulates Wnt signaling, which are ameliorated by AMH co-treatment. Finally, in follicles, AMH induces Id3, a protein involved in DNA repair, which is necessary to prevent the accumulation of DNA lesions marked by {gamma}-H2AX in granulosa cells. Altogether this study characterizes cell, and follicle stage-specific mechanisms of AMH protection of the ovary, offering promising new avenues for fertility preservation in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. HighlightsO_LIDoxorubicin treatment induces DNA damage that activates the p53 pathway in stromal and follicular cells of the ovary. C_LIO_LIAMH inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of theca and granulosa cells and promotes follicle survival following Doxorubicin insult. C_LIO_LIAMH treatment mitigates Doxorubicin-induced DNA damage in the ovary by preventing the accumulation of {gamma}-H2AX-positive unresolved foci, through increased expression of ID3, a protein involved in DNA repair. C_LI Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=189 SRC="FIGDIR/small/595356v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (42K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19f6752org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@383e74org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@8c38f7org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1efe797_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG