Biology subjects

Matsui, T.

Publications and source records attributed to Matsui, T..

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Sparkling Water Consumption Mitigates Cognitive Fatigue during Prolonged Esports Play

Prolonged esports play induces cognitive fatigue, characterized by diminished executive function with pupil constriction. Players often rely on caffeinated or sugary drinks to combat fatigue, but regular use poses health risks. Sparkling water, a sugar- and caffeine-free beverage, stimulates brainstem and prefrontal activity via sensory pathways mediated by transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the throat. We here tested the hypothesis that sparkling water mitigates cognitive fatigue during prolonged esports play. Fifteen young adult players participated in a randomized crossover trial, each completing two 3-hour sessions of a virtual football game while consuming either sparkling water or plain water. Subjective fatigue, enjoyment, and executive function (via a flanker task) were measured at baseline and hourly, while pupil diameter and heart rate were monitored continuously. Blood glucose and salivary cortisol were also assessed periodically. Compared to plain water, sparkling water significantly attenuated increases in subjective fatigue, enhanced enjoyment, and preserved executive function, along with preventing pupil constriction. Heart rate, blood glucose, and salivary cortisol levels did not differ between conditions. Notably, players committed fewer in-game fouls with sparkling water, while offensive and defensive performance remained unchanged. These findings demonstrate that sparkling water alleviates both subjective and objective signs of cognitive fatigue during prolonged esports play, supporting our hypothesis. This non-caffeinated intervention may help sustain inhibitory control and promote fair behavior, offering a safe and sustainable strategy for managing mental fatigue in modern life. HighlightsO_LISparkling water alleviates cognitive fatigue and boosts enjoyment during esports. C_LIO_LISparkling water prevents pupil constriction linked to cognitive fatigue. C_LIO_LISparkling water keeps players alert without raising blood glucose or cortisol. C_LIO_LISparkling water reduces fouls in virtual football without impairing performance. C_LIO_LISparkling water offers a caffeine- and sugar-free option to manage mental fatigue. C_LI Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=112 SRC="FIGDIR/small/662064v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (40K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e9058dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@16b7110org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@cbe294org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1886d36_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

Twinfilin-1 phosphorylation in reelin signaling regulates actin dynamics and spine development

Reelin is an extracellular glycoprotein essential for neuronal migration, spine development, and synaptic plasticity. Impaired reelin signaling is linked to neurological disorders, including schizophrenia and autism. While reelin mutant (reeler) mice exhibit behavioral deficits associated with impaired spine formation, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We identified Twinfilin-1 (Twf1) as a downstream effector of reelin signaling via phosphoproteomic analysis, based on its reduced tyrosine phosphorylation in reeler mice. We found that Src regulated Twf1 phosphorylation at tyrosine 309, and reelin stimulation increased Twf1 phosphorylation in neurons, an effect blocked by the Src inhibitor PP2. A phospho-resistant Twf1 mutant (Twf1 Y309F) showed reduced capping protein binding and a lower F/G-actin ratio. Twf1Y309F mice exhibited cognitive deficits, reduced spine density, smaller spine head size, and a decreased F/G-actin ratio in synaptosomes. These findings highlight Twf1 phosphorylation as a key component of reelin signaling involved in actin remodeling and spine development.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

Microfluidic platforms for probing spontaneous functional recovery in hierarchically modular neuronal networks

Inherent capacity to flexibly reorganize after injury is a hallmark of brain networks, and recent studies suggest that functional consequences of focal damage are strongly influenced by the networks non-random connectivity. Although many of these insights have been derived from animal models and computational simulations, experimental platforms that enable bottom-up investigations of the structure-function relationships underlying damage and recovery processes remain limited. In this study, we used polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic devices to construct hierarchically modular neuronal networks that mimic the architectural features of the mammalian cortex. Laser microdissection was employed to selectively sever intermodular connections, enabling controlled damage to either hub or peripheral connections. Damage to hub connections led to delayed recovery, requiring more than three days for correlations to re-emerge. In contrast, peripheral damage resulted in faster recovery. Experiments that induced repeated injury to neuronal networks further demonstrated that recovery primarily occurred through the formation of alternative pathways rather than restoration of the original connections. These findings highlight how topological features of neuronal networks shape their response to injury and subsequent reorganization, providing mechanistic insights into the intrinsic self-repair capacity of biological systems.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

Structure-activity relationship of an all-α-helical prenyltransferase reveals a mechanism for indole prenylation.

Enzymes are involved in the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites found in nature. The catalytic mechanism is regulated by the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme especially at the catalytic site, resulting in the natural products with complicated conformation derived from a regioselective, chemoselective, and stereoselective fashion of the enzyme reaction. Prenyltransferase (PT), which belongs to the prenylsynthase (PS) family, catalyzes the condensation of isoprene to an aromatic compound, consequently producing a terpenoid scaffold structure. Therefore, it plays an important role in which expands the chemical diversity of terpenoids. Although the three-dimensional structures of PS which categorized in the same family were resolved, the catalytic mechanism of the PT has been vailed. In this study, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of a novel prenyltransferase SxPT1 derived from marine Streptomyces. Here we described that SxPT1 analyzed the enzyme reactions and discussed its catalytic mechanism.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2025

Computational design of conformation-biasing mutations to alter protein functions

Most natural proteins alternate between distinct conformational states, each associated with specific functions. Intentional manipulation of conformational equilibria could lead to improved or altered protein properties. Here we develop Conformational Biasing (CB), a rapid and streamlined computational method that utilizes contrastive scoring by inverse folding models to predict variants biased towards desired conformational states. We validated CB across seven diverse deep mutational scanning datasets, successfully predicting variants of K-Ras, SARS-CoV-2 spike, {beta}2 adrenergic receptor, and Src kinase with improved conformation-specific functions including enhanced effector binding or enzymatic activity. Furthermore, applying CB to lipoic acid ligase, a conformation-switching bacterial enzyme that has been used for the development of protein labeling technologies, revealed a previously unknown mechanism for conformational gating of sequence-specificity. Variants biased toward the "open" conformation were highly promiscuous, while "closed" conformation-biased variants were even more specific than wild-type, enhancing the utility of LplA for site-specific protein labeling with fluorophores in living cells. The speed, simplicity, and versatility of CB (available at: https://github.com/alicetinglab/ConformationalBiasing/) suggest that it may be broadly applicable for understanding and engineering protein conformational dynamics, with implications for basic research, biotechnology, and medicine.

biophysics↗

bioRxiv2024

Evolution of Key Factors Influencing Performance Across Phases in Junior Short Sprints

Sprint performance plays a crucial role in various sports. Short sprints vary in court size and competitive characteristics but are common in many sports. Although the relationship between age and muscle strength has been explored in short sprints, there is limited understanding of how various physical factors interact, particularly concerning differences in the acceleration phase. This study examined the relationship between sprint times at 0-2.5 m, 2.5-5 m, and 5-10 m intervals and various factors in junior athletes. Results indicated that sprint times increased with age, and is correlated with muscle strength and flexibility. Partial correlation analysis showed that faster times in the 0-2.5 m interval were associated with higher hip flexibility; in the 2.5-5 m interval, faster times were associated with higher core flexibility; and in the 5-10 m interval, a relationship with standing long jump performance was confirmed. Furthermore, lower fat-free body weight translated to higher performance. In the acceleration phase of 10 m, flexibility immediately after the start and the subsequent horizontal propulsive force is important factors that are strongly related to performance change in each interval. The study results illuminate the mechanism behind short sprints in junior athletes and emphasize the importance of daily training, considering the sprint distance required for each sport.

animal behavior and cognition↗

bioRxiv2024

Spectrin coordinates cortical actomyosin organization and differentiation essential for a functional epithelial barrier

Cell shape and fate are tightly linked, yet how the cortical cytoskeletal integrates regulation of shape and fate remains unclear. Using the epidermis as a paradigm where cell shape changes guide differentiation we identify spectrin as an essential organizer of the keratinocyte actomyosin cortex that integrates transitions in cell shape with spatial organization of signaling. Loss of II-spectrin (Sptan1) in the mouse epidermis altered cell shape in all layers and impaired differentiation, and barrier formation. High-resolution imaging and laser ablation revealed that E-cadherin guides differential gradients of actin and spectrin to regulate the layer-specific organization and mechanics of sub-membraneous spectrin-actomyosin networks. This organization is essential to dissipate tension, maintain structural integrity, and retain active growth factor receptor EGFR and the cation channel TRPV3 at the membrane in upper layers to induce terminal differentiation. Together, these findings reveal how organization of the cortical cytoskeleton coordinates changes in cell shape and cell fate at the tissue scale necessary to establish epithelial barriers.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2024

High-throughput DNA engineering by mating bacteria

To reduce the operational friction and scale DNA engineering, we report here an in vivo DNA assembly technology platform called SCRIVENER (Sequential Conjugation and Recombination for In Vivo Elongation of Nucleotides with low ERrors). SCRIVENER combines bacterial conjugation, in vivo DNA cutting, and in vivo homologous recombination to seamlessly stitch blocks of DNA together by mating E. coli in large arrays or pools. This workflow is simpler, cheaper, and higher throughput than current DNA assembly approaches that require DNA to be moved in and out of cells at different procedural steps. We perform over 5,000 assemblies with two to 13 DNA blocks that range from 240 bp to 8 kb and show that SCRIVENER is capable of assembling constructs as long as 23 kb at relatively high throughput and fidelity. Most SCRIVENER errors are deletions between long interspersed repeats. However, SCRIVENER can overcome these errors by enabling assembly and sequence verification at high replication at a nominal additional cost per replicate. We show that SCRIVENER can be used to build combinatorial libraries in arrays or pools, and that DNA blocks onboarded into the platform can be repurposed and reused with any other DNA block in high throughput without a PCR step. Because of these features, DNA engineering with SCRIVENER has the potential to accelerate design-build-test-learn cycles of DNA products.

synthetic biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Unravelling the Maturation Pathway of a Eukaryotic Virus through Cryo-EM

The importance of virus maturation has been appreciated for nearly 70 years 1 as it provides models for large-scale protein reorganization resulting in functional activation as well as being a target for antiviral therapies 2. However, a detailed description of the pathway from the initial assembly product (procapsid) to the mature, infectious particle (virion) has been elusive. This is due to the "in cell" nature of the natural process, the 2- state behavior of maturation (no detectable intermediates) in some viruses in vitro 3 and heterogeneous populations of particle intermediates that are only partially matured in other systems 4. The non-enveloped, T=4, ssRNA-containing, Nudaurelia capensis omega virus (N{omega}V), is a highly accessible model system that exemplifies the maturation process of a eukaryotic virus. During maturation the particle shrinks in outer diameter from 482 [A] (pH 7.5) to 428 [A] (pH 5.0). It is possible to mimic the maturation process in vitro by lowering the pH of a population of procapsids produced in heterologous systems5. Indeed, by controlling the pH in vitro it is possible to produce homogenous populations of intermediate N{omega}V virus-like particles (VLPs) that occur too fleetingly to be observed in vivo 6. Here we report structural models, based on cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), of five intermediates in the N{omega}V maturation process. The structures of the intermediate particles reveal unique, quaternary position-dependent trajectories and refolding of subunit N and C-terminal regions, including the formation of the autocatalytic cleavage site at N570. The detailed structures reported here, coupled with previously determined structures of the procapsids and mature particles, allows the maturation pathway to be described in detail for the first time for a eukaryotic virus.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2024

Reducing Offsite Modification using 2-mercaptoethanol for Proteome Analysis.

Alkylation of the thiol group in cysteine (Cys) residues using halide reagents is a significant step in proteomics. However, non-specific modifications to the N-terminus and other amino acids are known. Thus promiscuous offsite alkylation in the peptide further complicated the MS spectra and thus made the difficulty of identification and quantification of all peptides. 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) is not only a regent for the reduction of the disulfide bond but also is bound to the Cys residue. Furthermore, it is known that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) enhances the disulfide bond formation. Thus, based on these facts, we developed a method for specifical modification of Cys residues using 2-ME and DMSO. The specific modification of Cys residue by 2-ME were promoted by the concentration-dependent manner of DMSO with quite less offsite modification reaction compared with recent procedures. This Cys-specific modification technique may not only improve the quantification of peptides containing cysteine but also enhance the quantification accuracy of all peptides.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2024

Orthogonalization of spontaneous and stimulus-driven activity by hierarchical neocortical areal network in primates

Understanding how biological neural networks perform reliable information processing in the presence of intensive spontaneous activity (1-3) is an essential question in biological computation. Stimulus-evoked and spontaneous activities show orthogonal (dissimilar) patterns in the primary visual cortex (V1) of mice (4-6), which is likely to be beneficial for separating sensory signals from internally generated noise (5, 7-12); however, those in V1 of carnivores and primates show highly similar patterns (3, 13-17). Consequently, the mechanism of segregation of stimulus information and internally generated noise in carnivores and primates remain unclear. To address this question, we used primate-optimized functional imaging (18) to precisely compare spontaneous and stimulus-evoked activities in multiple areas of the marmoset visual cortical pathway (19). In marmoset V1, but not in mouse V1, spontaneous and stimulus-evoked activity shared similar activity patterns, suggesting a function of spontaneous activity specific to mammals with functional columns. However, in the higher-order visual areas of marmosets, spontaneous and stimulus-evoked activities exhibited dissimilar patterns. Analysis of neural activity geometry further revealed progressive orthogonalization of the two types of activities along the cortical hierarchy in marmosets, which reached a level comparable to that of mouse V1. Thus, orthogonalization of spontaneous and stimulus-evoked activity is a general principle of cortical computation, which, in primates, is implemented by the hierarchical areal network.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

Transcriptome Analysis Identified SPP1+ Monocytes as a Key in Extracellular Matrix Formation in Thrombi

Thrombi follow various natural courses. They are known to become harder over time and may persist long-term; some of them can also undergo early spontaneous dissolution and disappearance. Hindering thrombus stability may contribute to the treatment of thrombosis and the prevention of embolisms. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying thrombus maturation remain unknown. Using RNA sequencing, we revealed the transcriptional landscape of thrombi retrieved from the cerebral vessels and identified SPP1 as a hub gene related to extracellular matrix formation. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the expression of osteopontin in monocytes/macrophages in the thrombi, particularly in older thrombi. Single-cell RNA sequencing of thrombi from the pulmonary artery revealed increased communication between SPP1-high monocytes/macrophages and fibroblasts. These data suggest that SPP1-high monocytes/macrophages play a crucial role in extracellular matrix formation in thrombi and provide a basis for new antithrombotic therapies targeting thrombus maturation. TeaserSPP1+ monocytes play a key role in thrombus maturation, which can be a potential target for novel antithrombotic therapies.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Linear models replicate the energy landscape and dynamics of resting-state brain activity

The spatiotemporal dynamics of resting-state brain activity can be characterized by switching between multiple brain states, and numerous techniques have been developed to extract such dynamic features from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. However, many of these techniques are based on momentary temporal correlation and co-activation patterns and merely reflect stationary, linear features of the data, suggesting that the non-stationary dynamic features extracted by these techniques may be misinterpreted. To examine whether such misinterpretations occur when using techniques that are not based on momentary temporal correlation or co-activation patterns, we addressed Energy Landscape Analysis (ELA), a statistical physics-inspired method that was designed to extract multiple brain states and dynamics of resting-state fMRI data. We found that the ELA-derived features were almost identical for real data and surrogate data suggesting that the features derived from ELA were accounted for by stationary and linear properties of the real data rather than non-stationary or non-linear properties. To confirm that surrogate data were distinct from the real data, we replicated a previous finding that some topological properties of resting-state fMRI data differed between the real and surrogate data. Overall, the present finding that the energy landscape and activity dynamics of resting-state fMRI data were well captured by stationary and linear surrogate data supports the notion that linear models sufficiently describe the dynamics of resting-state brain activity.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

Structural basis for bispecific antibody design: arrangement of domain linkage produces activity enhancement

A bispecific antibody (BsAb) is a protein genetically engineered from two different antibodies, allowing simultaneous binding to two kinds of antigen to bring them into close proximity. BsAbs have been developed as anti-cancer drugs that accumulate lymphocytes onto cancer cells by bridging antigens present on each. Ex3 is a bispecific diabody composed of the two fused variable regions (Fvs) of an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody and an anti-CD3 antibody with potent cancer cytotoxic activity. In Ex3, the LH-type, in which the variable regions of the light chain (VLs) are located at the N-terminus of those of the heavy chain (VHs), exerted 1000-fold greater anticancer activity than the HL-type, in which the VHs are located at the N-terminus of the VLs. This effect (termed activity enhancement), in which the activity is greatly enhanced by domain rearrangement, has been reported not only for Ex3 but also for several other BsAbs. However, the molecular details of this activity enhancement have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we determined the cryo-EM structures of Ex3 LH- and HL-types in complex with CD3 and EGFR. Structural comparison of the LH- and HL-types showed that rearrangement of the domain linkage produces drastic structural differences in the overall shape of these complexes, and dynamics attributed to the flexibility between the two Fvs. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanism for the activity enhancement of BsAbs. This study will be a stepping stone towards establishing a design foundation for BsAb development.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2024

Healthy dietary choices involve prefrontal mechanisms associated with long-term reward maximization but not cognitive control

Taste and health are critical factors to be considered when choosing foods. Prioritizing healthiness over tastiness requires self-control. It has also been suggested that self-control is guided by cognitive control. We then hypothesized that neural mechanisms underlying healthy food choice are associated with both self-control and cognitive control. Human participants performed a food choice task and a working memory (WM) task during functional MRI scanning. Their degree of self-control was assessed behaviorally by the value discount of delayed monetary rewards in intertemporal choice. Prioritizing healthiness in food choice was associated with greater activity in the superior, dorsolateral, and medial prefrontal cortices. Importantly, the prefrontal activity was greater in individuals with smaller delay discounting (i.e., high self-control) who preferred a delayed larger reward to an immediate smaller reward in intertemporal choice. On the other hand, WM activity did not show a correlation with delay discounting or food choice activity, which was further supported by supplementary results that analyzed data from the Human Connectome Project. Our results suggest that the prefrontal cortex plays a critical role in healthy food choice, which requires self-control, but not cognitive control, for maximization of reward attainments in a remote future.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2023

Location analysis of presynaptically active and silent synapses in single-cultured hippocampal neurons

A morphologically present but non-functioning synapse is termed a silent synapse. Silent synapses are categorized into "postsynaptically silent synapses," where AMPA receptors are either absent or non-functional, and "presynaptically silent synapses," where neurotransmitters cannot be released from nerve terminals. The presence of presynaptically silent synapses remains enigmatic, and their physiological significance is highly intriguing. In this study, we examined the distribution and developmental changes of presynaptically active and silent synapses in individual neurons. Our findings show a gradual increase in the number of excitatory synapses, along with a corresponding decrease in the percentage of presynaptically silent synapses during neuronal development. To pinpoint the distribution of presynaptically active and silent synapses, i.e., their positional information, we enhanced the traditional Sholl analysis and introduced a novel method termed "donut analysis." Our results indicate that the distribution of presynaptically silent synapses within a single neuron does not exhibit a distinct pattern during synapse development in different areas. However, irrespective of neuronal development, the proportion of presynaptically silent synapses tends to rise as the projection site moves farther from the cell body, suggesting that synapses near the cell body may exhibit higher synaptic transmission efficiency. This study represents the first observation of changes in the distribution of presynaptically active and silent synapses within a single neuron. Additionally, we propose that donut analysis can serve as a valuable analytical tool for evaluating synaptic positional information. Scope statementA morphologically present but non-functioning synapse is termed a silent synapse. The presence of presynaptically silent synapses remains enigmatic, and their physiological significance is highly intriguing. This study focused on the distribution and developmental changes of presynaptically active and silent synapses in individual neurons. To pinpoint the distribution of presynaptically active and silent synapses, we enhanced the traditional Sholl analysis and introduced a novel method termed "donut analysis." We found that the distribution of presynaptically silent synapses within a single neuron does not exhibit a distinct pattern during synapse development in different areas. However, irrespective of neuronal development, the proportion of presynaptically silent synapses tends to rise as the projection site moves farther from the cell body. This is a new paper that applies "Sholl analysis," a method invented 70 years ago that is now the gold standard of morphological analysis of the single neuron. This study represents the first observation of changes in the distribution of presynaptically active and silent synapses within a single neuron. Additionally, we propose that donut analysis can serve as a valuable analytical tool for evaluating synaptic positional information for the design of "synaptic maps" in neural circuits.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2023

A single bout of vigorous exercise decreases subsequent non-exercise physical activity and body temperature

PurposeExercise benefits the body and mind, but its weight loss effect is less than generally expected. Although this phenomenon is likely primarily due to a decrease in non-exercise physical activity (NEPA) resulting in a decrease in non-exercise activity thermogenesis, the underlying mechanisms and effects of exercise intensity remain unknown. Here we show that acute vigorous exercise decreases subsequent NEPA and body temperature (BT) in association with body weight gain. MethodsAdult male C57BL/6J mice were categorized into three groups: sedentary, moderate exercise, and vigorous exercise, with exercise groups undergoing a 30 min treadmill session. Using an intraperitoneally implanted activity monitor, NEPA and BT were monitored for two days before and three days after exercise. The daily synchrony between NEPA and BT was evaluated using a cross-correlation function. Plasma corticosterone was also detected 6 and 24 h after exercise. ResultsNotably, Only the vigorous exercise group exhibited a decline in both NEPA and BT, resulting in body weight gain the following day, despite no observed changes in food intake. Furthermore, vigorous exercise induces a distinct delay in the daily dynamics of NEPA compared to BT. A positive correlation was observed between plasma corticosterone levels and changes in NEPA levels before and after exercise across all exercise groups. ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence for vigorous exercise-specific reduction in subsequent NEPA, BT, and their synchrony linked to weight gain, likely due to the disturbed circadian rhythm of corticosterone. This ultimately redefines the significance of exercise intensity in beneficial effects beyond the energy expenditure of the exercise itself.

animal behavior and cognition↗

bioRxiv2023

Lactate Dynamics in Skin Interstitial Fluid Predicts Lactate Threshold in Exercising Rats

Regular exercise promotes various anti-ageing adaptations in skin tissue. Although the underlying mechanisms of that might associate to the acute exercise-induced lactate signaling in the skin, it remains uncertain the profile of skin interstitial fluid (ISF) lactate dynamics during and following acute exercise. Here, we investigated whether the skin ISF lactate level increases in association with blood lactate during acute incremental exercise using a single microneedle perfusion system. The rats were acclimated to treadmill running exercise and underwent external jugular vein cannulation. Following comprehensive recovery, a 1 mm single microneedle was implanted into the back skin. Skin ISF lactate progressively increased in tandem with blood lactate during the incremental exercise but did not decrease to baseline levels until 30 minutes following the exercise unlike blood. Moreover, lactate threshold (LT), is a crucial marker of athletic aerobic performance during acute exercise, extrapolated from skin ISF showed significant alignment with blood LT. Our findings reveal that the skin ISF lactate increases associated with blood lactate and the long-lasting elevation state following acute exercise. Moreover, lactate dynamics in skin ISF can predict LT. These findings would be a milestone for elucidating regular exercise-induced physiological adaptations in the skin and evaluating athletic performance. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=90 SRC="FIGDIR/small/563585v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (32K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14520a7org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@162f538org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d13979org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1145abe_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG Lactate levels in rat skin interstitial fluid (ISF) increased in association with blood lactate during acute incremental exercise, but the increase in skin ISF lactate lasted 30 min following acute exercise. Lactate threshold (LT), a crucial marker of aerobic athletic performance, can be predicted from skin fluid dynamics during acute exercise. These findings would be a milestone for elucidating regular exercise-induced physiological adaptations in the skin and evaluating athletic performance.

physiology↗