LAP1 regulates nuclear plasticity to enable constrained migration
Metastasis involves dissemination of cancer cells away from a primary tumour and colonisation at distal sites. During this process, cancer cells must negotiate multiple physical constraints imposed by the microenvironment and tissue structure. The biophysical properties of the nucleus must be tuned since they pose a challenge to constrained migration. By analysing nuclear genes upregulated during the acquisition of metastatic potential, we discovered increased expression of the inner nuclear membrane protein LAP1 in metastatic melanoma cells and at the invasive fronts of human primary tumours and in metastases. Human cells express two LAP1 isoforms (LAP1B and LAP1C), which differ in their amino terminus. We found that whereas the longer isoform, LAP1B, binds more strongly to nuclear lamins and has restricted motility within the nuclear envelope, the shorter isoform, LAP1C, favours nuclear envelope blebbing and allows migration through constraints. We propose that LAP1 renders the nucleus plastic and enhances melanoma aggressiveness.