Biology subjects

Martynova, E.

Publications and source records attributed to Martynova, E..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Biological effects of truffle extracts on bacteria, fungi, and microalgae

One of the current challenges on a global scale is the problem of antibiotic resistance. Excessive and inappropriate use of drugs in healthcare and agriculture has accelerated the development of diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In an effort to combat such resistance, it is extremely important to explore alternative sources of new molecules with biological activities. Truffles have become a promising source of new compounds because they contain a wide range of biologically active ingredients. In addition, they are a consortium of symbiotic microorganisms that produce natural products. The aim of this study was to study the antibiotic and growth stimulating effects of methanolic extracts of truffle fruiting bodies collected in Russia in 2020-2022. The extracts demonstrated inhibitory activity against St. carnosus, E. persicina, and kanamycin-resistant E. coli. Also, for the first time, we have demonstrated that truffle extracts have biological activity in terms of stimulating the growth of C. vulgaris. We have observed the effects of short-term and long-term growth stimulation. Thus, truffles can become a promising source of new active ingredients in medicine, agronomy, and different life sciences.

ecology↗

bioRxiv2024

The first report on the effect of white and black truffle extracts on human semen parameters in vitro

Our experiment aimed to evaluate the influence of extracts of white and black truffle mushrooms on human spermatozoa. The study utilized 28 samples of wild truffle fruiting bodies. In the experiment, we used ejaculate from male volunteers of active reproductive age (N=10, 25-35 years old). During the experiment, we assessed sixteen physiological parameters. Research has shown that extracts from black and white truffles related to Tuber sp. have a stimulating effect on spermatozoa. The average path sperm velocity, curvilinear velocity and beat cross-frequency were increased by 56%, 48% and 50% respectively. Linearity showed a significant increase by 56% and straightness by 48%. This could be useful in the development of drugs to enhance sperm activity and lifespan. Additionally, extracts from black truffles have been found to have negative effects on spermatozoa, which could be relevant for developing new contraceptive drugs. Our study demonstrated, for the first time, the influence of methanol extracts of Tuber sp. mushrooms on male gametes in vitro.

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2021

A Segmentation-Free Machine Learning Architecture for Immune Landscape Phenotyping in Solid Tumors by Multichannel Imaging

Tissue specimens taken from primary tumors or metastases contain important information for diagnosis and treat-ment of cancer patients. Multiplex imaging allows in situ visualization of heterogeneous cell populations, such as immune cells, in tissue samples. Most image processing pipelines first segment cell boundaries and then measure marker expression to assign cell phenotypes. In dense tissue environments, this segmentation-first approach can be inaccurate due to segmentation errors or overlapping cells. Here we introduce the machine learning pipeline "ImmuNet" that identifies positions and phenotypes of cells without segmenting them. ImmuNet is easy to train: human annotators only need to click on an immune cell and score its expression of each marker. This approach al-lowed us to annotate 34,458 cells. We show that ImmuNet consistently outperforms a state-of-the-art segmentation-based pipeline for multiplex immunohistochemistry analysis across tissue types, cell types and tissue densities, achieving error rates below 5-10% on challenging detection and phenotyping tasks. We externally validate Im-muNet results by comparing them to flow cytometric measurements from the same tissue. In summary, ImmuNet is an effective, simpler alternative to segmentation-based approaches when only cell positions and phenotypes, but not their shapes, are required for downstream analyses. Thus, ImmuNet helps researchers to analyze multiplex tissue images more easily and accurately.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2019

Patients with different cancer types are stratified by CBC data

Searching for informative indices indicating cancer type and cause of the disease is of great importance. Here we tried to identify those indices from the data of complete blood analysis, only. We studied the inhomogeneity in the mutual distribution of a number of oncology patients with various types of tumors in the space of qualitative data provided by the complete blood count. The patients with oncology in hematology system were excluded. Ultimate goal is to reveal the relation between such inhomogeneity issues and the cause of a disease. We used the database on complete blood count comprising oncology patients with various causes of tumor development. The analysis has been carried out both by linear (K-means) and non-linear (elastic map technique) methods. No linear clustering has been found. On the contrary, elastic map technique yields stable clustering identifying not less than three clusters, in the set of patients. No relation of those clusters to sex or age of patients has been found. Four indices (namely, BAS, EOS, WBC and IG) exhibit no relation to the cluster structure, while all others do it. Thus, the patients are stratified according to their respond on the stress caused by cancer tumor. The data on complete blood count may be used for preliminary diagnostics of a tumor and its cause, for oncology patients. This type of analysis is cheap, standard and available at any medical organization.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2019

Angiogenic activity of cytochalasin B-induced membrane vesicles of human mesenchymal stem cells

BackgroundThe cytochalasin B-induced membrane vesicles (CIMVs) are suggested to be used as a vehicle for the delivery of therapeutics. However, the angiogenic activity and therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived CIMVs (CIMVs-MSCs) remains unknown.\n\nObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to analyzed the morphology, size distribution, molecular composition and angiogenic properties of CIMVs-MSCs.\n\nMethodsThe morphology of CIMVs-MSC was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The proteomic analysis, multiplex analysis and immunostaining were used to characterize the molecular composition of the CIMVs-MSCs. The transfer of surface proteins from a donor to a recipient cell mediated by CIMVs-MSCs was demonstrated using immunostaining and confocal microscopy. The angiogenic potential of CIMVs-MSCs was evaluated using in vivo approach of subcutaneous implantation of CIMVs-MSCs in mixture with Matrigel matrix.\n\nResultsHuman CIMVs-MSCs retain parental MSCs content such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines: EGF, FGF-2, Eotaxin, TGF-, G-CSF, Flt-3L, GM-CSF, Fractalkine, IFN2, IFN-{gamma}, GRO, IL-10, MCP-3, IL-12p40, MDC, IL-12p70, IL-15, sCD40L, IL-17A, IL-1RA, IL-1a, IL-9, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MIP_1a, MIP-1b, TNF-, TNF-{beta}, VEGF. CIMVs-MSCs also have the expression of surface receptors similar to those in parental human MSCs (CD90+, CD29+, CD44+, CD73+). Additionally, CIMVs-MSCs could transfer membrane receptors to the surfaces of target cells in vitro. Finally, CIMVs-MSCs can induce angiogenesis in vivo after subcutaneous injection into adult rats.\n\nConclusionsHuman CIMVs-MSCs have similar content, immunophenotype and angiogenic activity to those of the parental MSCs. Therefore, we believe that human CIMVs-MSCs could be used for cell free therapy of degenerative diseases.

cell biology↗