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Biology subjects

Mangala, M. M.

Publications and source records attributed to Mangala, M. M..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

Pre-clinical validation of a novel AAV-mediated gene therapy for KCNV2 retinopathy improves visual function in a mouse model and expression in patient organoids

Voltage-gated (Kv) potassium channels are critical for neuronal physiology, and their dysfunction can lead to serious consequences. For example, mutations in the silent modulatory Kv8.2 subunit are known to cause irreversible inherited blindness (KCNV2 retinopathy). This is a currently incurable condition that causes lifelong visual loss, reduced visual acuity, photoaversion, night blindness and abnormal colour vision, alongside a distinctive supernormal electrophysiological (ERG) retinal response to light. In this study, we demonstrate that AAV-mediated gene replacement therapy delivering a codon-optimised human KCNV2 gene subretinally into Kv8.2 knock-out mice significantly restores retinal function. Treated mice exhibited improved ERG responses and correct expression of KCNV2 and its encoded Kv8.2 protein in photoreceptors. Recovery of visually guided scotopic and photopic optomotor responses to wildtype levels was achieved at lower vector doses, highlighting dose-dependent efficacy. Furthermore, treatment of human retinal organoids derived from a KCNV2 patient iPSC line resulted in substantial Kv8.2 protein rescue. This work provides the first preclinical proof-of-concept for the safety and therapeutic potential of gene therapy for KCNV2 retinopathy, laying a strong foundation for future clinical trials.

neuroscience↗

Refate identifies chemical compounds to target trans-regulatory networks for cellular conversion

Identifying chemical compounds that target trans-regulatory networks (TRNs) underlying molecular programs of cells for directed cellular conversion (i.e. differentiation, reprogramming, transdifferentiation, and dedifferentiation) is a key step towards advancing regenerative medicine. Recent innovations in single-cell omics technologies enabled high-resolution profiling of TRNs that govern cell identity and cell-fate decisions. Here, we introduce Refate, a computational framework that integrates large-scale multimodal single-cell atlas data to quantify cell propensity of genes, together with six drug databases, to identify chemical compounds that target TRNs for directed cellular conversion. The reconstructed TRNs, including protein-protein interactions and gene regulatory networks, alongside chemical compounds that drive the cellular conversion provide greater biological interpretability and improve efficiency and efficacy. We evaluated Refate by testing its ability to uncover known transcription factors and chemical compounds validated in experimental conversions of various cell types. Furthermore, we experimentally validated the attribute of several novel chemical compounds identified by Refate for enhancing the conversion of human embryonic stem cells to human cranial neural crest cells. Together, these findings demonstrate Refate as an effective tool for discovering chemical compounds that target TRNs to enable cellular conversion, advancing efforts towards regenerative medicine. HighlightsO_LIRefate quantifies genes for cellular conversion using multimodal single-cell atlases C_LIO_LIRefate uncovers trans-regulatory networks (TRNs) underlying cellular conversion C_LIO_LIRefate identifies chemical compounds that target TRNs for cellular conversion C_LIO_LIValidation of Refate identified chemical compounds for hESC to hCNCC conversion C_LI

developmental biology↗

Slow conduction and spatial dispersion of repolarization are intrinsic properties of cardiomyocyte electrophysiology that contribute to proarrhythmia in an iPSC model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited heart muscle disease; characterised by left ventricular wall thickening, cardiomyocyte disarray, and fibrosis, and is associated with arrhythmias, heart failure and sudden death. However, it is unclear to what extent the electrophysiological disturbances that lead to sudden death occur secondary to the structural changes in the myocardium, or as a result of intrinsic properties of the HCM cardiomyocyte. In this study, we used an induced pluripotent stem cell model of the Arg403Gln variant in myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) to study tissue level electrophysiological properties of HCM cardiomyocytes. For the first time, we show significant slowing of conduction velocity and an increase in local spatial dispersion of repolarisation - both well-established substrates for arrhythmia - in monolayers of HCM cardiomyocytes. Analysis of rhythmonome protein expression in R403Q cardiomyocytes revealed dramatically reduced connexin-43, sodium channels, and inward rectifier channels - a three-way hit that combines to reduce electrotonic coupling between HCM cardiomyocytes and slow cardiac conduction. Our data therefore represent a novel, biophysical basis for arrhythmia in HCM, that is intrinsic to cardiomyocyte electrophysiology. Later in the progression of the disease, these proarrhythmic electrical phenotypes may be accentuated by fibrosis and myocyte disarray to contribute to sudden death in HCM patients.

physiology↗

Co-expression of calcium channels and delayed rectifier potassium channels protects the heart from proarrhythmic events

Cardiac electrical activity is controlled by the carefully orchestrated activity of more than a dozen different ion conductances. Yet, there is considerable variability in cardiac ion channel expression levels both within and between subjects. In this study we tested the hypothesis that variations in ion channel expression between individuals are not random but rather there are modules of co-expressed genes and that these modules make electrical signaling in the heart more robust. Meta-analysis of 3653 public RNA-Seq datasets identified a strong correlation between expression of CACNA1C (L-type calcium current, ICaL) and KCNH2 (rapid delayed rectifier K+ current, IKr), which was verified in mRNA extracted from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM). In silico modeling, validated with functional measurements in hiPSC-CM, indicates that the co-expression of CACNA1C and KCNH2 limits the variability in action potential duration and reduces susceptibility to early afterdepolarizations, a surrogate marker for pro-arrhythmia. Impact StatementCoexpressed levels of potassium and calcium ion channel genes in the heart encode more robust cardiac electrophysiology and provide insights into genetic basis of arrhythmic risk

biophysics↗