Malicki, K. B. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2026

Replicable generation of rhesus macaque iPSCs for in vitro modeling of genetic frontotemporal dementia

At the Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, we have identified a family of rhesus carrying the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) R406W mutation linked to frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Rhesus induced pluripotent stem cells (RhiPSCs) derived from these monkeys present a unique opportunity for in vitro modeling and comparison with cells derived from MAPT R406W human carriers. Here, we report the development of a reproducible method to generate RhiPSCs compliant with the standards of the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) to support in vitro modeling of FTD-MAPT R406W. Our stepwise approach identified efficient methods for fibroblast derivation, fibroblast reprogramming to RhiPSC, and RhiPSC maintenance over continued culture. To derive fibroblasts from MAPT wild type (WT) and R406W monkeys, a combination of manual processing and overnight enzymatic digestion was required to maximize the number of low passage fibroblasts available for reprogramming. Fibroblast reprogramming to RhiPSC using Sendai viral vectors versus oriP/EBNA1 episomal plasmids revealed the latter as most efficient. Electroporation conditions for oriP/EBNA1 reprogramming were optimized to maximize plasmid uptake and cell survival. Ultimately, eight RhiPSC lines were derived from 4 donor rhesus monkeys (n=2 WT, n=2 R406W; two clonal lines per donor) and fully characterized according to ISSCR standards. RhiPSC stemness and genetic stability was best maintained on mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders in Universal Primate Pluripotency Stem Cell medium, as opposed to Essential 12 medium supplemented with IWR1, which produced cytogenetic abnormalities. Rhesus neural progenitor cells were generated using a monolayer protocol and expressed PAX6 and NESTIN after 21 days of differentiation. Our reliable method will be useful to labs seeking to derive RhiPSCs for preclinical studies. Overall, the RhiPSCs generated from MAPT R406W carriers will be a critical resource for evaluating the molecular underpinnings of tau-related neurodegeneration across primate species.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Quantification of Early Gait Development: Expanding the Application of Catwalk Technology to an Infant Rhesus Macaque Model

BackgroundUnderstanding gait development is essential for identifying motor impairments in neurodevelopmental disorders. Defining typical gait development in a rhesus macaque model is critical prior to characterizing abnormal gait. The goal of this study was to 1) explore the feasibility of using the Noldus Catwalk to assess gait in infant rhesus macaques and 2) provide preliminary normative data of gait development during the first month of life. New methodThe Noldus Catwalk was used to assess gait speed, dynamic and static paw measurements, and interlimb coordination in twelve infant rhesus macaques at 14, 21, and 28 days of age. All macaque runs were labeled as a diagonal or non-diagonal walking pattern. ResultsInfant rhesus macaques primarily used a diagonal (mature) walking pattern as early as 14 days of life. Ten infant rhesus macaques (83.3%) were able to successfully walk across the Noldus Catwalk at 28 days of life. Limited differences in gait parameters were observed between timepoints because of the variability within the group at 14, 21, and 28 days. Comparison with existing methods: No prior gait analysis system has been used to provide objective quantification of gait parameters for infant macaques. ConclusionsThe Catwalk system can be utilized to quantify gait in infant rhesus macaques less than 28 days old. Future applications to infant rhesus macaques could provide a better understanding of gait development and early differences within various neurodevelopmental disorders. Highlights- Infant rhesus macaque gait parameters can successfully be captured by the Catwalk - At 14 days of life, macaques were consistently using a diagonal walking pattern - Limited developmental change occurs in gait parameters over the first month of life - Infant macaque gait parameters had high within group variability at each timepoint Graphical abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=190 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/516450v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (41K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@6185edorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@9fa472org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e54919org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@12231cc_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG Note: Brown and grey-colored macaques were created in biorender

animal behavior and cognition↗