Biology subjects

Makenov, M. T.

Publications and source records attributed to Makenov, M. T..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2022

Investigating the zoonotic origin of the Marburg virus outbreak in Guinea in 2021

In 2021, a patient died from Marburg virus (MARV) disease in Guinea, which was the first confirmed case in West Africa. The source of the outbreak has not been identified. It was revealed only that the patient had not traveled anywhere before the illness. Prior to this outbreak, MARV had been found in bats in the neighboring Sierra Leone. In Guinea, this virus has never been found before. Therefore, the question of the source of infection arose: was it an autochthonous case with spillover from a local population of bats or an imported case with spillover from fruit bats foraging/migrating from Sierra Leone? In this paper, we aimed to conduct a study of Rousettus aegyptiacus in Guinea and determine the source of the most likely infection of a patient who died from Marburg virus disease in 2021 in Guinea. We caught bats at 32 sites in Gueckedou prefecture, including seven caves and 25 locations on the flight path. A total of 501 fruit bats (Pteropodidae) were captured, including 66 R. aegyptiacus. The subsequent screening showed three PCR-positive MARV bats. We have found and described two caves in Gueckedou prefecture where MARV-positive R. aegyptiacus roost. Sequencing has shown that at least two different MARV genetic variants circulate in R. aegyptiacus in Guinea: an Angola-like strain and MARV strains of major marburgvirus lineages.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2020

Rhipicephalus microplus and its vector-borne haemoparasites in Guinea: further species expansion in West Africa

AO_SCPLOWBSTRACTC_SCPLOWRhipicephalus microplus is an ixodid tick with a pantropical distribution that represents a serious threat to livestock. West Africa was free of this tick until 2007, when its introduction into Benin was reported. Shortly thereafter, the further invasion of this tick into West African countries was demonstrated. In this paper, we describe the first detection of R. microplus in Guinea and list the vector-borne haemoparasites that were detected in the invader and indigenous Boophilus species. In 2018, we conducted a small-scale survey of ticks infesting cattle in three administrative regions of Guinea: N`Zerekore, Faranah, and Kankan. The tick species were identified by examining their morphological characteristics and by sequencing their COI gene and ITS-2 gene fragments. R. microplus was found in each studied region. In the ticks, we found DNA of Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma platys, and Ehrlichia spp. The results of this study indicate that R. microplus was introduced into Guinea with cows from Mali and/or Ivory Coast.

zoology↗

bioRxiv2019

Lassa Virus in the Host Rodent Mastomys Natalensis within Urban Areas of N’zerekore, Guinea

Lassa virus is the causative agent of a dangerous zoonotic disease distributed in West Africa. A primary reservoir host of Lassa virus is Mastomys natalensis. These mice associate closely with humans and are commonly found in villages. Consequently, previous studies of Lassa virus have focused on rural areas. The prevalence of the virus in large cities has not been studied.\n\nWe conducted a study in NZerekore city, which has a population of approximately 300,000 residents. Small mammals were captured during a pilot study in May, and the main study was performed in August 2018. Based on the pilot study, we designed and implemented a stratified random sample to investigate the prevalence of Lassa virus among M. natalensis in NZerekore. The total sampling efforts consisted of 45 and 985 trapping nights in May and August, respectively. Samples of rodent tissues were screened for Lassa virus by RT-PCR.\n\nIn May, we trapped 20 rodents, including 19 M. natalensis. Viral RNA was detected in 18 M. natalensis. In August, 149 small mammals were captured, including 43 M. natalensis. The prevalence of Lassa virus among M. natalensis in NZerekore was 23.3% (CI 95%: 11.8-38.6%). Sequencing showed that the isolates belonged to lineage IV. We detected four Lassa virus hotspots located in different parts of the city. The largest Lassa virus hotspot was found in the neighborhood of the central market, which suggests that the virus was originally introduced into the city through the market.

epidemiology↗

bioRxiv2018

The first reliable autochthonous case of ticks-borne encephalitis infection and detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus in Ixodes ricinus ticks and their hosts in an urban park of Moscow, Russia

Here, we report the first confirmed autochthonous tick-borne encephalitis case diagnosed in Moscow in 2016 and describe the detection of Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in ticks and small mammals in a Moscow park.\n\nThe paper includes data from two patients who were bitten by TBEV-infected ticks within the Moscow city limits; one of these cases led to the development of the meningeal form of TBE. Both TBEV-infected ticks attacked patients in the same area. We collected ticks and trapped small mammals in this area in 2017. All samples were screened for the presence of pathogens causing tick-borne diseases by PCR. The TBEV-positive ticks and small mammals tissue samples were subjected to virus isolation. The sequencing of the complete polyprotein gene of the positive samples was performed.\n\nA total of 227 questing ticks were collected. TBEV was detected in five specimens of Ixodes ricinus. We trapped 44 small mammals, mainly bank voles (Myodes glareolus) and pygmy field mice (Apodemus uralensis). Two samples of brain tissue from bank voles yielded a positive signal in RT-PCR for TBEV. We obtained six virus isolates from the ticks and brain tissue of a bank vole. Complete genome sequencing showed that the obtained isolates belong to the European subtype and have low diversity with sequence identities as high as 99.9%. GPS tracking showed that the maximum distance between the exact locations where the TBEV-positive ticks were collected was 185 m. We assume that the forest park was free of TBEV and that the virus was recently introduced.

epidemiology↗