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Biology subjects

Mahlangu, S.

Publications and source records attributed to Mahlangu, S..

2 recordsLinked to original sources
bioRxiv2025

Unveiling vertebrate biodiversity in arid and semi-arid terrestrial ecosystems through eDNA metabarcoding at savanna waterholes

Applying environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to samples from waterholes and their surroundings offers a promising approach for monitoring terrestrial vertebrates in semi-arid and arid ecosystems, such as the southern African savannas. However, minimal guidance exists on key sampling design parameters for terrestrial ecosystems, which can significantly influence species detection. This study investigated the effects of sampled substrate, sampling season, and metabarcoding primer pair on species richness and taxonomic group detection in terrestrial vertebrates, with a focus on mammals, using eDNA samples from waterholes in Botsalano Game Reserve, South Africa. A total of 725 eDNA samples were collected from 94 sampling events across wet and dry seasons, detecting 95 species (45 birds, 42 mammals, 4 amphibians, 3 reptiles, and 1 fish). Sediment samples provided more reliable detection of abundant taxa, whereas water samples had higher detection frequencies of rare taxa. A mixed sampling approach yielded the highest species richness. Sampling during the wet season yielded higher species richness overall, while more mammal species were detected from dry season sampling. Overlap in species detection between the two metabarcoding primers tested was low (47%). We formulate recommendations for future eDNA metabarcoding study designs in similar systems, including remote sampling logistics and discuss potential sources of false positives in eDNA metabarcoding, including (1) secondary eDNA input, (2) incomplete genetic reference databases, and (3) the low genetic resolution of metabarcoding markers.

ecology↗
bioRxiv2025

Investigating the dynamics of the aquatic community in Oslofjord through time series analysis of eDNA

Understanding temporal dynamics of marine communities is critical for assessing ecosystem health and guiding conservation efforts. Here, we conducted a survey using environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding with two primer sets, MiFish and Elas02, to investigate seasonal and interannual changes in the fish community of Oslofjord (Norway) over two consecutive years. Using the MitoFish reference database through the GBIF querying tool, we identified 61 fish species and found significant changes in the dominant taxa between seasons and years. Clupea harengus (Atlantic herring) consistently peaked in early spring, while Scomber scombrus (Atlantic mackerel) dominated winter months in the second year. The MiFish primer set showed increased species richness in the second year, whereas the Elas02 primer set showed stable richness despite compositional turnover. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed distinct community separation between years in presence/absence data, driven by species turnover rather than abundance read changes. Our findings support the use of eDNA metabarcoding to capture fine-scale temporal dynamics and emphasise the importance of multi-year datasets for distinguishing ecological trends from stochastic changes. This strategy improves monitoring practices for marine ecosystems under anthropogenic stressors.

ecology↗