Biology subjects

Lo Russo, G.

Publications and source records attributed to Lo Russo, G..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2022

Event-related causality in Stereo-EEG discriminates syntactic processing of noun phrases and verb phrases

Syntax involves complex neurobiological mechanisms, which are difficult to disentangle for multiple reasons. Using a protocol able to separate syntactic information from sound information we investigated the neural causal connections evoked by the processing of homophonous phrases, either verb phrases (VP) or noun phrases (NP). We used event-related causality (ERC) from stereo-electroencephalographic (SEEG) recordings in 10 epileptic patients in multiple cortical areas, including language areas and their homologous in the non-dominant hemisphere. We identified the different networks involved in the processing of these syntactic operations (faster in the dominant hemisphere) showing that VPs engage a wider cortical network. We also present a proof-of-concept for the decoding of the syntactic category of a perceived phrase based on causality measures. Our findings help unravel the neural correlates of syntactic elaboration and show how a decoding based on multiple cortical areas could contribute to the development of speech prostheses for speech impairment mitigation.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2020

SDF-1/CXCR4 inhibition prevents paradoxical generation of cisplatin-induced pro-metastatic niches

Platinum-based chemotherapy remains widely used in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) despite its ineffectiveness in long-term control of metastasis. Here, we uncover the interconnected pathways subtending cisplatin-induced metastasis promotion. We report that cisplatin treatment of tumor-free mice results in bone-marrow expansion of CCR2+CXCR4+Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes (IM) concomitantly with increased levels in the lungs of stromal SDF-1, the CXCR4 ligand. In experimental metastasis assays, cisplatin-induced IM favor tumor cells extravasation and expansion of CD133+CXCR4+ metastasis initiating cells (MICs), facilitating lung metastasis formation. At the primary tumor, cisplatin reduces tumor size but induces tumor release of SDF-1 triggering MICs expansion and recruitment of pro-invasive CXCR4+ macrophages. Co-recruitment of MICs and CCR2+CXCR4+ IM at SDF-1-enriched distant sites also promotes spontaneous metastasis. Combination treatment with a CXCR4 inhibitor prevents cisplatin-induced IM/MICs recruitment and interaction thus precluding metastasis overgrowth. Finally, we observe in NSCLC patients specimens that SDF-1 levels are higher in platinum-treated samples and correlate with worse outcome. Our findings suggest a possible novel combination therapy based on CXCR4 blockade to control metastatic disease, paradoxically promoted by cisplatin.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Fast oscillations localize the epileptogenic zone: an electrical source imaging study using high-density electroencephalography

ObjectiveFast Oscillations (FO) >40 Hz are a promising biomarker of the epileptogenic zone (EZ). Evidence using scalp electroencephalography (EEG) remains scarce. We assessed if electrical source imaging of FO using 256-channel high-density EEG (HD-EEG) is useful for EZ identification. MethodsWe analyzed HD-EEG recordings of 10 focal drug-resistant epilepsy patients with seizure-free postsurgical outcome. We marked FO candidate events at the time of epileptic spikes and verified them by screening for an isolated peak in the time-frequency plot. We performed electrical source imaging of spikes and FO within the Maximum Entropy of the Mean framework. Source localization maps were validated against the surgical cavity. ResultsWe identified FO in five out of 10 patients who had a superficial or intermediate deep generator. The maximum of the FO maps was localized inside the cavity in all patients (100%). Analysis with a reduced electrode coverage using the 10-10 and 10-20 system showed a decreased localization accuracy of 60% and 40% respectively. ConclusionsFO recorded with HD-EEG localize the EZ. HD-EEG is better suited to detect and localize FO than conventional EEG approaches. SignificanceThis study acts as proof-of-concept that FO localization using 256-channel HD-EEG is a viable marker of the EZ. Highlights- Fast oscillations > 40Hz are able to correctly localize the epileptogenic zone. - HD-EEG is superior in detection and localization of fast oscillations compared to conventional EEG approaches. - Presence of fast oscillations on the scalp might point to a superficial epileptic generator.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2019

Disentangling sound from syntax: electrophysiological analysis of linguistics expressions

Syntax is a species-specific component of human language combining a finite set of words in a potentially infinite number of sentences. Since words are by definition expressed by sound, factoring out syntactic information is normally impossible. Here, we circumvented this problem in a novel way by designing phrases with exactly the same acoustic content but different syntactic structures depending on the other words they occur with. By performing stereo- electroencephalographic (SEEG) recordings in epileptic patients we measured a different electrophysiological correlate of verb phrases vs. noun phrases by analyzing the high gamma band activity (150-300Hz frequency), in multiple cortical areas in both hemispheres, including language areas and their homologous in the non-dominant hemisphere. Our findings contribute to the ultimate goal of a complete neural decoding of linguistic structures from the brain.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2019

Electrophysiological correlates of syntactic structures

Syntax is traditionally defined as a specifically human way to pair sound with meaning: words are assembled in a recursive way generating a potentially infinite set of sentences1,2. There can be different phrasal structures depending on the types of words involved, for example, \"noun phrases\" (NP), combining an article and a noun, vs. \"verb phrases\" (VP), combining a verb and a complement. Although it is known that the combination of an increasing number of words in sequences correlates with an increasing electrophysiological activity3,4, the specific electrophysiological correlates of the syntactic operation generating NPs vs. VPs remain unknown. A major confounding factor is the fact that syntactic information is inevitably intertwined with the acoustic information contained in words even during inner speech5. Here, we addressed this issue in a novel way by designing a paradigm to factor out acoustic information and isolate the syntactic component. In particular, we construed phrases that have exactly the same acoustic content but that are interpreted as NPs or VPs depending on their syntactic context (homophonous phrases). By performing stereo-electro-encephalographic (SEEG) recordings in epileptic patients6 we show that VPs are associated with a higher activity in the high gamma band (150-300Hz frequency), an index of cortical activity associated with linguistic processing, with respect to NPs in multiple cortical areas in both hemispheres, including language areas and their homologous in the non-dominant hemisphere. Our findings pave the way to a deeper understanding of the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying syntax and contribute to the ultimate far reaching goal of a complete neural decoding of linguistic structures from the brain2.

neuroscience↗