Lin, W.-C. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2018

Unprecedented Account of Mortality and Morbidity in Free Ranging Formosan Pangolin (Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla)

Globally, pangolins are overt for poaching and illegal trade, but Taiwan projects totally a contrary image where their population is stable and increasing. This paper illustrated the factors responsible for causing mortality and morbidity in free ranging Formosan pangolin (M. pentadactyla pentadactyla). Results from radio-tracking showed that Formosan pangolins are highly susceptible to stuck in tree hallows or ground burrows despite being proficient burrowers, and killed by gin traps, especially during the dryer season. Whilst the data consolidated from the Pingtung Rescue Center for Endangered Wild Animals illustrated the trauma (73.0%) was the major reason of causing morbidity in Formosan pangolin. The gin traps were the leading cause of trauma (77.8%) along with tail injuries caused by dog attack (20.4%). Despite all the pressing data about the injuries Taiwan, it is able to establish substantial success rate in rescuing and releasing pangolins through consolidating and applying valuable information among the rescue centers in the span of two decades. Taiwan has made a phenomenal progress in sustaining a salubrious population of pangolin but the situation requires continuous examination to ensure the existence of this species on the island.

ecology↗

bioRxiv2018

Arabidopsis inositol phosphate kinases, IPK1 and ITPK1, constitute a metabolic pathway in maintaining phosphate homeostasis

Emerging studies have implicated a close link between inositol phosphate (InsP) metabolism and cellular phosphate (Pi) homeostasis in eukaryotes; however, whether a common InsP species is deployed as an evolutionarily conserved metabolic messenger to mediate Pi signaling remains unknown. Here, using genetics and InsP profiling combined with Pi starvation response (PSR) analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana, we showed that the kinase activity of inositol pentakisphosphate 2-kinase (IPK1), an enzyme required for phytate (inositol hexakisphosphates; InsP6) synthesis, is indispensable for maintaining Pi homeostasis under Pi-replete conditions, and inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase 1 (ITPK1) plays an equivalent role. Although both ipk1-1 and itpk1 mutants exhibited decreased levels of InsP6 and diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (PP-InsP5; InsP7), disruption of another ITPK family enzyme, ITPK4, which correspondingly caused depletion of InsP6 and InsP7, did not display similar Pi-related phenotypes, which precludes these InsP species as effectors. Notably, the level of D/L-Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 was concurrently elevated in both ipk1-1 and itpk1 mutants, which implies a potential role for InsP4 in regulating Pi homeostasis. However, the level of D/L-Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 is not responsive to Pi starvation that instead manifests a shoot-specific increase in InsP7 level. This study demonstrates a more nuanced picture of intersection of InsP metabolism and Pi homeostasis and PSR than has previously been elaborated, and additionally establishes intermediate steps to phytate biosynthesis in plant vegetative tissues.\n\nSignificance StatementRegulation of phosphate homeostasis and adaptive responses to phosphate limitation is critical for plant growth and crop yield. Accumulating studies implicate inositol phosphates as regulators of phosphate homeostasis in eukaryotes; however, the relationship between inositol phosphate metabolism and phosphate signaling in plants remain elusive. This study dissected the step where inositol phosphate metabolism intersects with phosphate homeostasis regulation and phosphate starvation responses.

plant biology↗