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Biology subjects

Lichten, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Lichten, M..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

S. cerevisiae Srs2 helicase ensures normal recombination intermediate metabolism during meiosis and prevents accumulation of Rad51 aggregates

We investigated the meiotic role of Srs2, a multi-functional DNA helicase/translocase that destabilizes Rad51-DNA filaments, and is thought to regulate strand invasion and prevent hyper-recombination during the mitotic cell cycle. We find that Srs2 activity is required for normal meiotic progression and spore viability. A significant fraction of srs2 mutant cells progress through both meiotic divisions without separating the bulk of their chromatin, although sister centromeres often separate. Undivided nuclei contain aggregates of Rad51 colocalized with the ssDNA-binding protein RPA, suggesting the presence of persistent single-strand DNA. Rad51 aggregate formation requires Spo11-induced DSBs, Rad51 strand-invasion activity, and progression past the pachytene stage of meiosis, but not the DSB end-resection or the bias towards inter-homologue strand invasion characteristic of normal meiosis. srs2 mutants also display altered meiotic recombination intermediate metabolism, revealed by defects in the formation of stable joint molecules. We suggest that Srs2, by limiting Rad51 accumulation on DNA, prevents the formation of aberrant recombination intermediates that otherwise would persist and interfere with normal chromosome segregation and nuclear division.

genetics

Noncanonical contributions of MutLγ to VDE-initiated crossovers during Saccharomyces cerevisiae meiosis

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the meiosis-specific axis proteins Hop1 and Red1 are present nonuniformly across the genome. In a previous study, the meiosis-specific VMAl-derived endonuclease (VDE) was used to examine Spo11-independent recombination in a recombination reporter inserted in a Hop1/Red1-enriched region (HIS4) and in a Hop1/Red1-poor region (URA3). VDE-initiated crossovers at HIS4 were mostly dependent on Mlh3, a component of the MutL{gamma} meiotic recombination intermediate resolvase, while VDE-initiated crossovers at URA3 were mostly Mlh3-independent. These differences were abolished in the absence of the chromosome axis remodeler Pch2, and crossovers at both loci become partly Mlh3-dependent. To test the generality of these observations, we examined inserts at six additional loci that differed in terms of Hop1/Red1 enrichment, chromosome size, and distance from centromeres and telomeres. All six loci behaved similarly to URA3: the vast majority of VDE-initiated crossovers were Mlh3-independent. This indicates that, counter to previous suggestions, meiotic chromosome axis protein enrichment is not a primary determinant of which recombination pathway gives rise to crossovers during VDE-initiated meiotic recombination. In pch2{Delta} mutants, the fraction of VDE-induced crossovers that were Mlh3-dependent increased to levels previously observed for Spo11-initiated crossovers in pch2{Delta}, indicating that Pch2-dependent processes play an important role in controlling the distribution of factors necessary for MutL{gamma}-dependent crossovers.

genetics