Biology subjects

Lesage-Descauses, M.-C.

Publications and source records attributed to Lesage-Descauses, M.-C..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2021

The PMT-driven p-coumaroylation of poplar lignins impacts lignin structure and improves wood saccharification

Transgenic poplars (Populus tremula x Populus alba, clone INRA 717-1B4) were produced by introducing the Brachypodium distachyon Bradi2g36910 (BdPMT1) gene driven by the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Cinnamate 4-Hydroxylase (AtC4H) promoter in the wild-type (WT) line and in a line overexpressing the Arabidopsis Ferulate 5-Hydroxylase (AtF5H). BdPMT1 encodes a transferase which catalyzes the acylation of monolignols by p-coumaric acid (CA). Several BdPMT1- OE/WT and BdPMT1-OE/AtF5H-OE transgenic lines were grown in the greenhouse and BdPMT1 expression in xylem was confirmed by RT-PCR. The analysis of the cell walls (CW) of poplar stems and of corresponding purified dioxan lignins (DL) revealed that the BdPMT1-OE lignins were as p-coumaroylated as the lignins of C3 grass straws. For some transformants, CA levels even reached about 11 mg/g CW and 66 mg/g DL, which by far exceeds those of Brachypodium or wheat samples. This unprecedentedly high p-coumaroylation of poplar lignins affected neither the poplar growth, nor the stem lignin content. By contrast, the transgenic lignins were structurally modified, with an increase of terminal units with free phenolic groups. Relative to controls, this increase argues for a reduced polymerization degree of BdPMT1-OE lignins and makes them more soluble in cold NaOH solution. The p-coumaroylation of poplar samples, up to the levels of C3 grasses, improved the saccharification yield of alkali-pretreated poplar CW. These results establish that the genetically-driven p-coumaroylation of lignins is a promising strategy to make wood lignins more susceptible to the alkaline treatments that can be used during the industrial processing of lignocellulosics. One-sentence summaryThe expression of a grass p-coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferase induces a high p-coumaroylation of poplar lignins and a better saccharification of alkali-pretreated poplar wood without growth penalty

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2020

Hypomethylated poplars show higher tolerance to water deficit and highlight a dual role for DNA methylation in shoot meristem: regulation of stress response and genome integrity

As fixed and long living organisms subjected to repeated environmental stresses, trees have developed mechanisms such as phenotypic plasticity that help them to cope with fluctuating environmental conditions. Here, we tested the role DNA methylation as a hub of integration, linking plasticity and physiological response to water deficit in the shoot apical meristem of the model tree poplar (Populus). Using a reverse genetic approach, we compared hypomethylated RNAi-ddm1 lines to wild-type trees for drought tolerance. An integrative analysis was realized with phytohormone balance, methylomes, transcriptomes and mobilomes. Hypomethylated lines were more tolerant when subjected to moderate water deficit and were intrinsically more tolerant to drought-induced cavitation. The alteration of the DDM1 machinery induced variation in DNA methylation in a cytosine context dependent manner, both in genes and transposable elements. Hypomethylated lines subjected to water deficit showed altered expression of genes involved in phytohormone pathways, such as salicylic acid and modified hormonal balance. Several transposable elements showed stress- and/or line-specific patterns of reactivation, and we could detect copy number variations for two of them in stressed ddm1 lines. Overall, our data highlight two major roles for DNA methylation in the shoot apical meristem: control of stress response and plasticity through transduction of hormone signaling and maintenance of genome integrity through the control of transposable elements.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2019

Gene Expression Predictions and Networks in Natural Populations Supports the Omnigenic Theory

Recent literature on the differential role of genes within networks distinguishes core from peripheral genes. If previous works have shown contrasting features between them, whether such categorization matters for phenotype prediction remains to be studied. We sequenced RNA in a Populus nigra collection and built co-expression networks to define core and peripheral genes. We found that cores were more differentiated between populations than peripherals while being less variable, suggesting that they have been constrained through potentially divergent selection. We also showed that while cores were overrepresented in a subset of genes deemed important for trait prediction, they did not systematically predict better than peripherals or even random genes. Our work is the first attempt to assess the importance of co-expression network connectivity in phenotype prediction. While highly connected core genes appear to be important, they do not bear enough information to systematically predict better quantitative traits than other gene sets.

genomics↗