Lequerica Tamara, M. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2026

Local interaction networks reconstructed from global biodiversity data improve pollinator restoration decision making

Global pollinator declines threaten the health of ecosystems and food systems, underscoring the urgency of conservation actions such as habitat restoration. However, data gaps on plant use among pollinators continue to limit reliable design of restoration plant mixes. To address this, we present NECTAR (Network-Enhanced Conservation Tool for Analysis and Recommendation), a new modular framework that integrates multiple data modalities - including species distributions, phenological metrics, and phylogenetic data - to infer flower visitation and host plant interactions from spatial, temporal, and phylogenetic overlap, generating spatially explicit plant-insect interaction networks that guide planting recommendations for pollinator habitat restoration. We demonstrate the utility of NECTAR by generating a large plant-insect metaweb across California, comprising 2,473,729 spatially explicit interactions that included 3,792 pollinator species and 4,363 native plant species. NECTAR achieved high interaction recall across withheld interactions and independent datasets, substantially outperforming null models and matching or exceeding values reported in comparable studies. NECTAR's data-driven plant mix recommendations are predicted to support up to 2.4 times more pollinator species compared to existing resources and random selection of plants. This optimization facilitates the inclusion of multiple goals and constraints, and provides complementary decision-making information to existing resources. NECTAR offers a scalable, evidence-based framework for translating increasingly available global biodiversity data into locally actionable restoration guidance, with broad potential to improve pollinator habitat restoration worldwide.

ecology↗

bioRxiv2021

Stingless bee floral visitation in the global tropics and subtropics

Bees play a key role in maintaining healthy terrestrial ecosystems by pollinating plants. Stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) are a diverse clade of social bees (>500 species) with a pantropical distribution spanning South and Central America, Africa, India, Australia and Asia. They are garnering increasing attention as commercially-beneficial pollinators of some crops, yet their contribution to the pollination of native plants in the tropics and subtropics remains poorly understood. Here we conduct a global review of the plants visited by stingless bees. We compile a database of reported associations (flower visits) between stingless bees and plants, from studies that have made either direct observations of foraging bees or analysed the pollen stored in nests. Worldwide, we find stingless bees have been reported to visit the flowers of plants from at least 220 different families and 1465 genera, with frequently reported interactions for many of the tropics most species-diverse plant families including Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Rubiaceae, Malvaceae, Lamiaceae, Arecaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae, Apocinaceae, Bignoniaceae, Melastomataceae and Myrtaceae. The list of commonly-visited plant families was similar for the stingless bee fauna of each of three major biogeographic regions (Neotropical, Afrotropical and Indo-Malayan-Australasian), though we detected differences in the proportional use of plant families by the stingless bees of the Indo-Malayan-Australasian and Neotropical regions, likely reflecting differences in the available flora of those regions. Stingless bees in all regions visit a range of exotic species in their preferred plant families (crops, ornamental plants and weeds), in addition to native plants. Although most reports of floral visitation on wild plants do not confirm effective pollen transfer, it is likely that stingless bees make at least some contribution to pollination for the majority of plants they visit. In all, our database supports the view that stingless bees play an important role in the ecosystems of the global tropics and subtropics as pollinators of an exceptionally large and diverse number of plants. This database also highlights important gaps in our knowledge of stingless bee resource use that may help focus future research efforts.

ecology↗