Biology subjects

Lawson, H. A.

Publications and source records attributed to Lawson, H. A..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2019

Natural brown adipose expansion and remission of hyperglycemia in obese SM/J mice

Disruption of glucose homeostasis increases the risk of type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and cancer. We leverage a novel rodent model, the SM/J mouse, to understand glycemic control in obesity. On a high fat diet, obese SM/J mice initially develop impaired glucose tolerance and elevated fasting glucose. Strikingly, their glycemic dysfunction resolves by 30 weeks of age despite persistence of obesity. A prominent phenotype is that they dramatically expand their brown adipose depots as they resolve glycemic dysfunction. This occurs naturally and spontaneously on a high fat diet, with no temperature or genetic manipulation. When the brown adipose depot is removed from normoglycemic obese mice, fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance revert to unhealthy levels, and animals become insulin resistant. We identified 267 genes whose expression changes in the brown adipose when the mice resolve their unhealthy glycemic parameters, and find the expanded tissue has a healthier expression profile of cytokines and extracellular matrix genes. We describe morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic changes that occur during the unique brown adipose expansion and remission of glycemic dysfunction in obese SM/J mice. Understanding this phenomenon in mice will open the door for innovative therapies aimed at improving glycemic control in obesity. Significance StatementSome obese individuals maintain normal glycemic control. Despite being obese, these individuals have low risk for metabolic complications, including type-II diabetes. If we better understood why some obese people maintain normoglycemia then we might develop new approaches for treating metabolic complications associated with obesity. However, the causative factors underlying glycemic control in obesity remain unknown. We discovered that, despite persistence of the obese state, SM/J mice enter into diabetic remission: returning to normoglycemia and reestablishing glucose tolerance and improving insulin sensitivity. A prominent phenotype is that they dramatically expand their brown adipose depots as they resolve glycemic dysfunction. Understanding this phenomenon in mice will open the door for innovative therapies aimed at improving glycemic control in obesity.

physiology↗

bioRxiv2019

Epistatic Networks Associated with Parent-of-Origin Effects on Metabolic Traits

Parent-of-origin effects (POE) are unexpectedly common in complex traits, including metabolic and neurological diseases. POE can also be modified by the environment, but the architecture of these gene-by-environmental effects on phenotypes remains to be unraveled. Previously, quantitative trait loci (QTL) showing context-specific POE on metabolic traits were mapped in the F16 generation of an advanced intercross between LG/J and SM/J inbred mice. However, these QTL were not enriched for known imprinted genes, suggesting another mechanism is needed to explain these POE phenomena. Here, we use a simple yet powerful F1 reciprocal cross model to test the hypothesis that non-imprinted genes can generate complex POE on metabolic traits through genetic interactions with imprinted genes. Male and female mice from a F1 reciprocal cross of LG/J and SM/J strains were fed either high or low fat diets. We generated expression profiles from three metabolically-relevant tissues: hypothalamus, white adipose, and liver. We identified two classes of parent-of-origin expression biases: genes showing parent-of-origin-dependent allele-specific expression and biallelic genes that are differentially expressed by reciprocal cross. POE patterns of both gene classes are highly tissue-and context-specific, sometimes occurring only in one sex and/or diet cohort in a particular tissue. We then constructed tissue-specific interaction networks among genes from these two classes of POE. A key subset of gene pairs show significant epistasis in the F16 LG/J x SM/J advanced intercross data in cases where the biallelic gene fell within a previously-identified metabolic POE QTL interval. We highlight one such interaction in adipose, between Nnat and Mogat1, which associates with POE on multiple adiposity traits. Both genes localize to the endoplasmic reticulum of adipocytes and play a role in adipogenesis. Additionally, expression of both genes is significantly correlated in human visceral adipose tissue. The genes and networks we present here represent a set of actionable interacting candidates that can be probed to further identify the machinery driving POE on complex traits.

systems biology↗