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Biology subjects

Laos, A. J.

Publications and source records attributed to Laos, A. J..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

Molecular dissection of the soluble photosynthetic antenna from a cryptophyte alga

Cryptophyte algae have a unique phycobiliprotein light-harvesting antenna that fills a spectral gap in chlorophyll absorption, however, it is unclear how it transfers energy efficiently to photosystems. We show that the cryptophyte Hemiselmis andersenii expresses an energetically complex antenna comprising three distinct spectrotypes of phycobiliprotein with different quaternary structures arising from a diverse subunit family. The bulk of the antenna consists of open quaternary form phycobiliproteins acting as primary photon acceptors, supplemented by novel open-braced forms. The final components are closed forms with a long wavelength spectral feature due to substitution of a single chromophore. We propose that the macromolecular organization of the cryptophyte antennas consists of bulk open and open-braced forms that transfer excitations to photosystems via this bridging closed form phycobiliprotein. One-Sentence SummaryAlgae generate a rainbow of antenna proteins by combining a conserved subunit with different members of a multigene family.

molecular biology↗

Skin protective effects of RM191A, a novel superoxide dismutase mimetic

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is known to be protective against oxidative stress-mediated skin dysfunction. Here we explore the potential therapeutic activities of RM191A, a novel SOD mimetic, on skin. RM191A is a water soluble, dimeric copper (Cu2+-Cu3+)-centred polyglycine coordination complex. It displays 10-fold higher superoxide quenching activity compared to SOD as well as significant anti-inflammatory activity through beneficial modulation of several significant inflammatory pathways in cells. We tested the therapeutic potential of RM191A in a topical gel using a human skin explant model and observed that it significantly inhibits UV-induced DNA damage in the epidermis and dermis, including cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), 8-oxo-guanine (8-oxoG) and 8-nitroguanine (8NGO). RM191A topical gel is found to be safe and non-toxic in mice following month-long daily dosing at 0.19 mL/kg body weight. Moreover, it significantly accelerates excisional wound healing, and reduces 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced skin inflammation in mice. HighlightsO_LISuperoxide dismutase mimetic RM191A is a highly stable copper (Cu2+-Cu3+)-polyglycine coordination complex C_LIO_LIRM191A exhibits potent antioxidant (10-fold more than that of superoxide dismutase) properties in vitro C_LIO_LIRM191A exhibits potent anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and in vivo C_LIO_LIRM191A protects human skin explants against UV-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage C_LIO_LIRM191A is non-toxic and readily bioavailable in mice C_LIO_LIRM191A attenuates TPA-induced skin inflammation and improves wound healing in mice C_LI

physiology↗