Biology subjects

Lachowiec, J.

Publications and source records attributed to Lachowiec, J..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Environment and plant genetics shape barley rhizosphere microbiome structure across contrasting locations

AbstractSoil microorganisms are crucial for plant survival and productivity, but factors governing rhizosphere recruitment across diverse regions remain unclear. This study investigated the rhizosphere microbiome of barley, using elite cultivars across seven location-year trials to evaluate the effects of environmental factors and crop genotype on bacterial and fungal community composition. Three locations were in the US northern Great Plains, and Hawaii was used as a contrasting environment. A greenhouse reciprocal transplant study determined the relative contributions of soil physicochemical factors and soil inoculum to rhizosphere community structure. Using 16S and ITS2 amplicon sequencing, the study characterized bacterial and fungal microbiomes and assessed the contribution of environment, soil chemistry, and barley genetics to microbial community assembly. In locations within the adapted range of barley, Actinobacteriota was the dominant phylum, while Proteobacteria was dominant in Hawaii. Variance partitioning showed that 73% of bacterial and 80% of fungal genera were associated with location-year effects while 53% of bacterial and 36% of fungal genera were responsive to soil factors. Enrichment analysis found 21.6% of bacterial and 51.4% of fungal ASVs were unique to specific barley genetic subpopulations. Results from the reciprocal transplant study validated field observations by demonstrating that 20.7% of the variation in community structure was explained by soil while 18.2% was explained by inoculum source. These findings demonstrate that environmental variation is the dominant constraint on rhizosphere community composition but within these constraints, barley genotype drives recruitment of distinct bacterial and fungal taxa. ImportanceThese findings underscore the complex interplay between plant genotype, environment, and microbial community assembly, providing insights into how barley recruits distinct microbial communities in the rhizosphere across different environments. These insights have the potential to be leveraged for management and plant breeding strategies to optimize plant-microbe interactions for enhancing agricultural sustainability.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2024

Uncovering genetic linkages in the rhizosphere contributing to adaptation

Microorganisms recruited to the rhizosphere from the surrounding soil can benefit the fitness of their host. Variation in plant genetics is associated with variation in rhizosphere microbial community composition leading to changes in fitness and crop productivity. However, what impact the abiotic environment has on connections between microbes and host genetics, and whether those connections in turn impact crop performance in realistic agricultural scenarios remains unclear. We assessed agronomic performance and 16S and ITS amplicon-based rhizosphere bacterial and fungal community composition on a large diverse barley population grown in seven field trials across four locations and two years. Within adapted regions, we observed consistent rhizosphere compositions across diverse soils, whereas in an unadapted environment, distinct microbial communities were recruited, indicating environmental specificity in microbial assembly. A Genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 864 associations of barley genetic markers with bacterial or fungal taxa abundance. A total of 108 microbe-associated quantitative trait loci (QTL) co-localized with agronomic traits, suggesting pleiotropy or genetic linkage. Associated taxa varied considerably across field trial environments, whereas the mapped host QTL were more consistent. Members of the nitrogen cycling bacterial phylum, Nitrospirota were the most extensively associated. This phylum had 25 marker associations across five of the field trial location-years in the GWAS. These included a locus on chromosome 2H that associated with Nitrospirota bacteria and grain protein in two location-years, and the Leohumicola fungal genus and grain protein in a third trial. These findings support the genetic manipulation of rhizosphere microbiomes to enhance crop adaptation, whether with consistent or environment-specific microbial taxa. Such breeding advances will support phenotyping and selection strategies to improve crop resilience and productivity across variable environments.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2018

Redundant and cryptic enhancer activities of the Drosophila yellow gene

cis-regulatory sequences known as enhancers play a key role in regulating gene expression. Evolutionary changes in these DNA sequences contribute to phenotypic evolution. The Drosophila yellow gene, which is required for pigmentation, has emerged as a model system for understanding how cis-regulatory sequences evolve, providing some of the most detailed insights available into how activities of orthologous enhancers have diverged between species. Here, we examine the evolution of yellow cis-regulatory sequences on a broader scale by comparing the distribution and function of yellow enhancer activities throughout the 5 intergenic and intronic sequences of Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila pseudoobscura, and Drosophila willistoni. We find that cis-regulatory sequences driving expression in a particular tissue are not as modular as previously described, but rather have many redundant and cryptic enhancer activities distributed throughout the regions surveyed. Interestingly, cryptic enhancer activities of sequences from one species often drove patterns of expression observed in other species, suggesting that the frequent evolutionary changes in yellow expression observed among Drosophila species may be facilitated by gaining and losing repression of pre-existing cis-regulatory sequences.

evolutionary biology↗