Biology subjects

Komla-Ebri, D.

Publications and source records attributed to Komla-Ebri, D..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Multiscale analysis and functional validation of the cellular and genetic determinants of skeletal disease

Musculoskeletal diseases are a major health burden. Development of bone-active therapies has been hindered by limited understanding of the cells and genes that regulate the skeleton. We exploited the value of cross-species analysis and developed single-cell methodologies in skeletal tissues to define the critical endosteal compartment that regulates bone turnover. Thirty-four distinct cell types were identified, and disease-relevant cells prioritised by enrichment for rare skeletal disorder genes and bone mineral density-associated genes in an extended UK Biobank GWAS. Functional validation was undertaken in over one thousand genetically modified mouse models. Endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells were identified as novel skeletal disease-relevant cells alongside osteoblast, chondrocyte and osteoclast cell lineages. Hundreds of cell-specific genes with unappreciated roles in skeletal pathophysiology were identified. This comprehensive cellular and molecular framework underpins skeletal physiology and disease, and will help prioritise new therapeutic targets to accelerate development of novel therapies to treat musculoskeletal disease.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2020

Osteocyte Transcriptome Mapping Identifies a Molecular Landscape Controlling Skeletal Homeostasis and Susceptibility to Skeletal Disease

Osteocytes are master regulators of the skeleton. We mapped the transcriptome of osteocytes from different skeletal sites, across age and sexes in mice to reveal genes and molecular programs that control this complex cellular-network. We define an osteocyte transcriptome signature of 1239 genes that distinguishes osteocytes from other cells. 77% have no previously known role in the skeleton and are enriched for genes regulating neuronal network formation, suggesting this program is important in osteocyte communication. We evaluated 19 skeletal parameters in 733 knockout mouse lines and reveal 26 osteocyte transcriptome signature genes that control bone structure and function. We showed osteocyte transcriptome signature genes are enriched for human orthologs that cause monogenic skeletal disorders (P=2.4x10-22) and are associated with the polygenic diseases osteoporosis (P=1.8x10-13) and osteoarthritis (P=1.6x10-7). Thus, we reveal the molecular landscape that regulates osteocyte network formation and function and establish the importance of osteocytes in human skeletal disease.

systems biology↗

bioRxiv2019

Accelerating functional gene discovery in osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis causes debilitating pain and disability, resulting in a huge socioeconomic burden, yet no drugs are available that prevent disease onset or progression. Here, we develop, validate and use rapid-throughput imaging techniques to identify abnormal joint phenotypes in unselected mutant mice generated by the International Knockout Mouse Consortium. We identify 14 genes with functional involvement in osteoarthritis pathogenesis, including the homeobox gene Pitx1, and functionally characterize 6 candidate human osteoarthritis genes in mouse models. We demonstrate sensitivity of the methods by identifying age-related degenerative joint damage in wild-type mice. Finally, we generate mutant mice with an osteoarthritis-associated polymorphism in the Dio2 gene by Crispr/Cas9 genome editing and demonstrate a protective role in disease onset with public health implications. This expanding resource of unselected mutant mice will transform the field by accelerating functional gene discovery in osteoarthritis and offering unanticipated drug discovery opportunities for this common and incapacitating chronic disease.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2018

An Atlas of Human and Murine Genetic Influences on Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a common debilitating chronic disease diagnosed primarily using bone mineral density (BMD). We undertook a comprehensive assessment of human genetic determinants of bone density in 426,824 individuals, identifying a total of 518 genome-wide significant loci, (301 novel), explaining 20% of the total variance in BMD--as estimated by heel quantitative ultrasound (eBMD). Next, meta-analysis identified 13 bone fracture loci in ~1.2M individuals, which were also associated with BMD. We then identified target genes from cell-specific genomic landscape features, including chromatin conformation and accessible chromatin sites, that were strongly enriched for genes known to influence bone density and strength (maximum odds ratio = 58, P = 10-75). We next performed rapid throughput skeletal phenotyping of 126 knockout mice lacking eBMD Target Genes and showed that these mice had an increased frequency of abnormal skeletal phenotypes compared to 526 unselected lines (P < 0.0001). In-depth analysis of one such Target Gene, DAAM2, showed a disproportionate decrease in bone strength relative to mineralization. This comprehensive human and murine genetic atlas provides empirical evidence testing how to link associated SNPs to causal genes, offers new insights into osteoporosis pathophysiology and highlights opportunities for drug development.

genomics↗