Biology subjects

Kobylkov, D.

Publications and source records attributed to Kobylkov, D..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Neural encoding of innate preference to gravity-defying motion

The ability to detect animate objects is a fundamental property of the animal visual system. Among the cues used to infer animacy, gravity provides an important reference for identifying animate motion. Earlier work has demonstrated that upward-moving objects, which violate gravitational constraints, elicit spontaneous attention in newborn humans and domestic chicks. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this innate predisposition remain unclear. We recorded neural activity in the nidopallium of one-week-old domestic chicks as they observed stimuli moving upward or downward. In parallel, we analyzed spontaneous behavioral responses with video-based tracking and high-speed accelerometer data. This analysis revealed a robust attentional bias toward upward-moving, gravity-defying stimuli. We identified neurons in the NCL that encode the direction of motion, most of which responded preferentially to upward movement. Moreover, the population activity of direction-sensitive neurons successfully predicted the spontaneous behavioral response to upward-moving objects.

animal behavior and cognition↗

bioRxiv2024

Innate face detectors in the nidopallium of young domestic chicks

Soon after birth, naive animals and newborn babies show spontaneous attraction towards faces and face-like stimuli with three dark features representing eyes and a mouth/beak. While neurons selectively responding to faces have been found in the inferotemporal cortex of adult primates, face-selective domains in the brains of young monkeys seem to develop only later in life after exposure to faces. This has fueled a debate on the role of experience in the development of face-detector mechanisms, since face preferences are well documented in naive animals, such as domestic chicks reared without exposure to faces. Here we demonstrate that neurons in a cortex-homologue area of one-week-old face-naive domestic chicks selectively respond to a face-like configuration. Our single-cell recordings show that these face detectors do not respond to alternative configurations or isolated facial features. Moreover, the population activity of face-selective neurons accurately encoded the face-like stimulus as a unique category. Thus, our findings show that face detectors are present in the brains of very young animals without pre-existing experience.

animal behavior and cognition↗

bioRxiv2022

Number neurons in the nidopallium of young domestic chicks

Numerical cognition is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. Domestic chicks are a widely used developmental model for studying numerical cognition. Soon after hatching, chicks can perform sophisticated numerical tasks. Nevertheless, the neural basis of their numerical abilities has remained unknown. Here, we describe for the first time number neurons in the caudal nidopallium (functionally equivalent to the mammalian prefrontal cortex) of young domestic chicks. Number neurons that we found in young chicks showed remarkable similarities to those in the prefrontal cortex and caudal nidopallium of adult animals. Thus, our results suggest that numerosity perception based on the labeled-line code provided by number neurons might be an inborn feature of the vertebrate brain. SignificanceNumerosity, i.e. the number of items in a set, is a significant aspect in the perception of the environment. Behavioural and in silico experiments suggest that number sense belongs to a core knowledge system and can be present already at birth. However, neurons sensitive to the number of visual items have been so far described only in the brain of adult animals. Therefore, it remained unknown to what extent their selectivity would depend on visual learning and experience. We found number neurons in the caudal nidopallium (a higher associative area with functional similarities to the mammalian prefrontal cortex) of very young, numerically naive domestic chicks. This result suggests that numerosity perception is possibly an inborn feature of the vertebrate brain.

neuroscience↗