Biology subjects

Kinman, A.

Publications and source records attributed to Kinman, A..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2020

Characterization of Mice Bearing Humanized Androgen Receptor Genes (h/mAr) Varying in Polymorphism Length

The androgen receptor (AR) is known for masculinization of behavior and brain. To better understand the role that AR plays, mice bearing humanized Ar genes with varying lengths of a polymorphic N-terminal glutamine (Q) tract were created (Albertelli et al 2006). The length of the Q tract is inversely proporitional to AR activity. Biological studies of the Q tract length may also provide a window into potential AR contributions to sex-biases in disease risk. Here we take a multi-pronged approach to characterizing AR signaling effects on brain and behavior in mice using the humanized Ar Q tract model. We first map effects of Q tract length on regional brain anatomy, and consider if these are modified by gonadal sex. We then test the notion that spatial patterns of anatomical variation related to Q tract length could be organized by intrinsic spatiotemporal patterning of AR gene expression in the mouse brain. Finally, we test influences of Q tract length on four behavioral tests. Altering Q tract length led to neuroanatomical differences in a non-linear dosage-dependent fashion. Gene expression analyses indicated that adult neuroanatomical changes due to Q tract length are only associated with neurodevelopment (as opposed to adulthood). No significant effect of Q tract length was found on the behavior of the three mouse models. These results indicate that AR activity differentially mediates neuroanatomy and behavior, that AR activity alone does not mediate sex differences, and that neurodevelopmental processes are associated with spatial patterns of volume changes due to Q tract length in adulthood. They also indicate that androgen sensitivity in adulthood does not directly lead to autism-related behaviors or neuroanatomy, although neurodevelopmental processes may play a role earlier. Further study into sex differences, development, other behaviors, and other sex-specific mechanisms are needed to better understand AR sensitivity, neurodevelopmental disorders, and the sex difference in their prevalence.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2020

Neuroanatomy and Behaviour in Mice with a Haploinsufficiency of AT-Rich Interactive Domain 1B (ARID1B) Throughout Development

One of the causal mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is chromatin modification, and genes that regulate chromatin modify and control events regulating the formation of neural connections. AT-Rich Interactive Domain 1B (ARID1B), a chromatin modifier, has been shown to be reduced in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to affect rare and inherited genetic variation in a broad set of NDDs. For this work, a novel preclinical mouse model of Arid1b deficiency was created and molecularly validated to characterize and define neuroanatomical, behavioural and transcriptional phenotypes. Brains of adult Arid1b+/- mice had a smaller cerebellum along with a larger hippocampus and corpus callosum. In addition, a notable sex dependence was observed throughout development; males had an early emergence of the neuroanatomical phenotype around postnatal day 7, whereas females had a delayed emergence of the phenotype around postnatal day 40. Behavioural assays relevant to NDD were conducted during neonatal development and adulthood to evaluate general health, anxiety-like, motor, cognitive, and social behaviours in Arid1b+/- mice. During neonatal development, Arid1b+/- mice exhibited robust impairments in ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) and metrics of developmental growth. As adults, Arid1b+/- mice showed low motor skills in open field exploration and normal three chambered approach. Arid1b+/- mice had learning and memory deficits in novel object recognition but surprisingly not in visual discrimination and reversal touchscreen tasks. Social interactions in the male-female social dyad with USVs revealed social deficits on some but not all parameters. No repetitive behaviours were observed. This study represents a full investigation of Arid1b+/- haploinsufficiency throughout development and highlights the importance of examining both sexes throughout development in NDDs.

neuroscience↗