Keeling, S. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2025

Tracking tau and cellular responses in human iPSC-microglia from uptake to seedable secretion in extracellular vesicles

The templated spread of tau aggregates in tauopathies has been attributed to neuron-to- neuron spread, but microglia have also been implicated through mouse studies. Here we examine in detail the uptake, processing, release and seeding of tau using human iPS- derived microglia (iMGL). We show that tau is taken up by iMGL via LRP1 and heparan sulfate proteoglycans, with a role for LRRK2 in LRP1 trafficking, and that phagocytosed fibrils can escape into the cytoplasm. Monomeric tau has minimal effects on iMGL, but recombinant or brain-derived tau fibrils induce a shift towards chemokine and interferon response subtypes, alongside downregulation of homeostatic and MHC genes. Endogenous tau protein is undetectable in iMGL, and monomeric internalised tau is digested to completion, but fibrillar tau is more resistant to degradation and becomes phosphorylated on two specific residues. Finally, fibrillar tau is released by iMGL, visualized within extracellular vesicles by cryo-EM, and can seed tau aggregation in downstream neurons.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Neuroprotective effects of hepatoma-derived growth factor in models of Huntington's disease

Huntingtons disease (HD) is a movement disorder caused by a mutation in the Huntingtin gene, that leads to severe neurodegeneration and inevitable death of the patients. Molecular mechanisms of HD are still not sufficiently understood, and no cure is currently available. Here, we demonstrate neuroprotective effects of hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in cellular and mouse models of HD. We show that HDGF expression levels in neuronal cell types inversely correlate with cellular vulnerability to HD. Moreover, lack of endogenous HDGF shortened lifespan and worsened rotarod performance of R6/2 HD model mice. AAV-mediated delivery of HDGF into the brain reduced mutant Huntingtin inclusion body load, but had no significant effect on motor behavior or lifespan. Interestingly, both nuclear and cytoplasmic versions of HDGF were equally efficient in rescuing mutant Huntingtin toxicity in cell culture models of HD. Moreover, extracellular application of a recombinant HDGF protein improved viability of mutant Huntingtin-expressing primary neurons and reduced mutant Huntingtin aggregation in neural progenitor cells differentiated from human patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Our findings provide new insights into the pathomechanisms of HD and suggest neuroprotective potential of HDGF in neurodegeneration.

neuroscience↗