Biology subjects

Jaramillo-Valverde, L.

Publications and source records attributed to Jaramillo-Valverde, L..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

The effect of altitude on the expression of immune-related genes in Peruvian rural indigenous

BackgroundGenetic factors influencing immune response pathways in Andean populations may underlie adaptations to high-altitude environments. To investigate transcriptomic signatures associated with altitude, we analyzed immune-related gene expression across individuals residing at different elevations. MethodsWe recruited 62 Peruvian volunteers, predominantly from rural regions with high proportions of indigenous ancestry, living at low and high altitudes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Pam3CSK4 (a synthetic triacylated lipopeptide), and R848 (an imidazoquinoline analog of viral nucleic acids). Population structure and ancestry were characterized, and transcriptome-wide differential expression analyses were performed. ResultsWe identified 30 genes with significant altitude-associated expression differences, including 22 downregulated (e.g., FN1, CD36, FOS) and nine upregulated genes. Functional enrichment indicated roles in acute inflammatory response, leukocyte migration, and positive regulation of myeloid leukocyte differentiation. ConclusionsHigh- and low-altitude Andean individuals exhibit distinct immune gene expression profiles, defining a population-specific transcriptomic signature that may reflect altitude-related immune adaptation. AUTHOR SUMMARYAndean populations exhibit genetic adaptations in immune response pathways, potentially linked to high-altitude living. To investigate this, we conducted genome-wide and transcriptome-wide analyses to identify immune-related gene expression differences between high- and low-altitude residents. We analyzed the genetic structure and ancestry of Peruvian individuals (primarily rural, with strong indigenous ancestry) living at different altitudes. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 62 volunteers were stimulated with bacterial (LPS, Pam3CSK4) and viral (R848) mimics to assess immune responses. Differential expression analysis identified 22 down-regulated genes (e.g., FN1, CD36, FOS) and nine up-regulated genes, enriched in acute inflammatory response, leukocyte migration, and myeloid leukocyte differentiation. Our findings reveal a unique immune gene expression profile in Andean highlanders, distinct from other populations, suggesting adaptive modulation of both innate and adaptive immunity in response to high-altitude challenges.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2022

Antibiotic resistance genes in sewages from hospitals and the urban setting in a Peruvian city in the highlands

BackgroundThe establishment of metagenomics seems a suitable approach to assess the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) MethodsMetagenomics study in a Peruvian city from the highlands, where samples were derived from sewage waters from two hospitals and the urban setting. DNA extraction was performed in 250 mL and then 16S rRNA gene amplification and shotgun sequencing were carried out. The bioinformatics pipeline was performed following recommendations for metagenomics analysis. Alpha diversity was evaluated with the Shannon and Simpsons indices; whereas beta diversity was evaluated through the Bray-Curtis index, and using the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) to explore and visualize the differences. ResultsWe found a high abundance of bacteria related to resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines. The urban sample did not differ significantly from the wastewater ARG presence from the hospitals in Huanuco. ConclusionMetagenomics analysis through sewage strategies seems to help to monitor the AMR to establish local public health policies, especially in cities or countries with limited resources to establish large projects conceiving the One Health approach.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2021

Allelic and Genotypic Frequencies of NAT2, CYP2E1 and AADAC genes in a cohort of Peruvian Tuberculosis Patients

BackgroundWe determined the frequency of genetic polymorphisms in three anti-TB drug metabolic proteins previously reported: N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and arylacetamide deacetylase (AADAC) within a Peruvian population in a cohort of TB patients. We included 395 participants completed their anti-tuberculosis treatment. Results[~]74% of the participants are carriers of slow metabolizer genotypes: NAT2*5, NAT2*6 and NAT2*7, which increase the sensitivity of INH at low doses and increase the risk of drug-induced liver injuries. [~] 64% are homozygous for the wild-type CYP2E1*1A allele, which could increase the risk of hepatotoxicity. However, 16% had a NAT2 fast metabolizer phenotype which could increase the risk of acquiring resistance to INH, thereby increasing the risk of multidrug-resistant (MDR) or treatment failure. The frequency of rs1803155 (AADAC*2 allele) was higher (99.9%) in Peruvians than in in European American, African American, Japanese, and Korean populations. ConclusionsThis high prevalence of slow metabolizers for Isoniazid in the Peruvian population should be further studied and considered to help individualize drug regimens, especially in countries with a great genetic diversity like Peru. These data will help the Peruvian National Tuberculosis Control Program develop new strategies for therapies.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2020

Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiome in Individuals of the Old Civilization of Caral-Supe Based on Data from 16S rRNA and ITS region

Genetic and microbiome studies of ancient Caral-Supe civilization have not yet been published. For this reason, the objective of this work is to identify the microorganisms and possible diseases that existed in this ancient civilization using coprolites samples. To do this, two coprolites samples were analyzing through high-throughput sequencing data of 16S rRNA gene and an intergenic region (ITS).

genetics↗

bioRxiv2019

Guillain-Barre syndrome outbreak in Peru: Association with polymorphisms in IL-17, ICAM-1 and CD1

Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is considered a complex disorder with significant environmental effect and genetic susceptibility. Genetic polymorphisms in CD1E, CD1A, IL-17 and/or ICAM-1 genes had been proposed as susceptibility genetic variants for GBS mainly in Caucasian population. This study explores the association between selected polymorphisms in these genes and GBS susceptibility in confirmed GBS cases reported in mestizo population from northern Peru during the most recent GBS outbreak of May 2018. A total of 9 non-related cases and 11 controls were sequenced for the polymorphic regions of CD1A, CD1E, IL-17 and ICAM-1 genes. We found a significant protective association between heterozygous GA genotype in ICAM-1 gene (241Gly / Arg) and GBS (p <0.047). IL-17 was monomorphic in both controls and patients. No significant differences were found in the frequency of SNPs in CD1A and CD1E between the group with GBS patients and healthy controls. Further studies with larger sample size will be required to validate these findings.

molecular biology↗