Biology subjects

JOURDAN, M.

Publications and source records attributed to JOURDAN, M..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2020

Managing mixed stands can mitigate severe climate change impacts on ecosystem functioning

Climate change affects forest ecosystem processes and related services due to increasing temperature and increasing extreme drought event frequency. This effect can be direct through the alteration of the physiological responses of trees, but also indirect, by modifying interactions between trees and thus changing communities composition. Such changes might affect species richness with high impacts on ecosystem functioning, especially productivity. Regarding management issues, mixed stands are usually considered a good option to maintain forest cover and ecosystem services under climate change. However, the possibility to maintain these mixed stands with management actions with positive effects on forest functioning under climate change remains uncertain and deserves further investigations. Relying on a simulation-based study with a forest gap model, we thus addressed the following questions: (1) Are monospecific stands vulnerable to climate change? (2) Would mixed stands significantly mitigate climate change effects on forest productivity and wood production under climate change? (3) Would conversion to mixed stand management affect significantly forest productivity and wood production under climate change compare to monospecific management? With a 150 years simulation approach, we quantified potential climate change effect (using RCP 8.5) compared to present climate and managements effect in the French Alps, focusing on five tree species. The gap-model we used included a management module, which allowed testing six silvicultural scenarios on different stands, with various composition, structure or environmental conditions, under climate change. These simulations showed that monospecific stands currently growing in stressful conditions would be too vulnerable to climate change to be maintained. Managing mixed stands or conversion from pure to mixed stands would make it possible to maintain higher productivity in the long-term than monospecific stands, even under severe climate change. This pattern depends to species and sites considered. Our results will feed into discussion on forest management in the context of climate change.

ecology↗

bioRxiv2020

Decomposition in mixed beech forests in the south-western Alps under severe summer drought

Climate and plant litter diversity are major determinants of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling rates during decomposition. Yet, how these processes will be modified with combined changes in climate and biodiversity is poorly understood. With a multisite field experiment, we studied the interactive effects of summer drought (using rainout shelters) and tree species mixing in beech forests in the French Alps. Forests included monospecific stands of Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, and Quercus pubescens and two-species mixtures composed of beech and one of the other species. We hypothesized (1) negative effects of summer drought on C and N loss during decomposition and (2) mitigation of these negative effects in mixed tree species stands. Litter lost 35% of initial C, and 15% of N on average across all sites and litter types over 30 months of decomposition. Summer drought consistently, but weakly, reduced C loss but had no effect on N loss. Tree species mixing did not alter drought effects on decomposition but had non-additive effects on C and N loss, which were dominated by direct litter mixing rather than indirect tree canopy effects. Our data suggest relatively small drought effects on decomposition, possibly because process rates are generally slow during summer and because microsite variability exceeds that in response to rain exclusion. The dominant contribution of litter mixing to biodiversity effects supports the importance of microsite conditions for C and N dynamics during decomposition, which should be accounted for more explicitly in climate and biodiversity change predictions.

ecology↗

bioRxiv2020

Tree diversity and the temporal stability of mountain forest productivity: testing the effect of species composition, through asynchrony and overyielding

Climate change modifies ecosystem processes directly through its effect on environmental conditions, but also indirectly by changing community composition. Theoretical studies and grassland experiments suggest that diversity may increase and stabilize communities productivity over time. Few recent studies on forest ecosystems suggested the same pattern but with a larger variability between the results. In this paper, we aimed to test stabilizing diversity effect for two kinds of mixtures (Fagus sylvatica - Quercus pubescens and Fagus sylvatica - Abies alba), and to assess how climate may affect the patterns. We used tree ring data from forest plots distributed along a latitudinal gradient across French Alps. We found that diversity effect on stability in productivity varies with stand composition. Most beech-fir stands showed a greater stability in productivity over time than monocultures, while beech-oak stands showed a less stable productivity. Considering non-additive effects, no significant trends were found, regardless the type of mixed stands considered. We further highlighted that these patterns could be partially explained by asynchrony between species responses to annual climatic conditions (notably to variation in temperature or precipitation), overyielding, and climatic conditions. We also showed that the intensity of the diversity effect on stability varies along the ecological gradient, consistently with the stress gradient hypothesis for beech-oak forests, but not for beech-fir forests. This study showed the importance of the species identity on the relationships between diversity, climate and stability of forest productivity. Better depicting diversity and composition effects on forest ecosystem functioning appears to be crucial for forest managers to promote forest adaptation and maintain timber resource in the context of on-going climate change.

ecology↗