Biology subjects

Izac, B.

Publications and source records attributed to Izac, B..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

REDD1 Regulates MERCS, Protein Synthesis and NMJ Stability in Fast Myofibers During Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Wasting

Background: Glucocorticoids cause skeletal muscle atrophy preferentially affecting fast glycolytic fibers, but the mechanisms involved in this fiber selectivity is unclear. REDD1 is a glucocorticoid-induced stress protein that limits muscle protein synthesis inducing atrophy. However, it remains unknown whether REDD1 exerts myofiber type-specific effects and through which precise mechanisms it regulates protein synthesis. We investigated the role of myofiber REDD1 expression in dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy, with a particular focus on its involvement in mitochondria-ER contact sites (MERCS), protein synthesis, and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) integrity. Methods: We generated tamoxifen-inducible, muscle-specific REDD1 knockout mice (REDD1fl/flHSA-CreERT2) and compared them with floxed littermates (WT) in a 2x2 design (WT/KO x PBS/DEX, 7 days). We combined single-nucleus RNA sequencing, RNAscope, immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, proximity ligation assay, SUnSET puromycin labelling, western blot and RT-qPCR, and AdenoFATE1-mediated MERCS disruption in C2C12 myotubes. Results: Glucocorticoid receptor and REDD1 transcripts were co-enriched in fast glycolytic fibers mostly atrophied by DEX (~20%). REDD1 deletion in myofiber drove to lower basal muscle mass and fast fiber volume but protected them from DEX-induced atrophy. DEX inhibited protein synthesis (~70%) in WT mice with no matching change in Akt/mTOR-pathway activity. In REDD1 KO mice, protein synthesis was already low and was not affected by DEX. DEX-induced REDD1 expression remodelled mitochondrial network and MERCS in a subcellular compartment-specific manner. The intermyofibrillar MERCS minimum distance shortened in both genotypes reaching pathological distances only in WT mice (WT ~28 --> ~5 nm; KO ~25 --> ~15 nm). Perinuclear MERCS and mitochondria-nuclei distances increased in WT mice only (~18 --> ~45 nm and ~130 --> ~460 nm). In WT mice only, DEX-induced alteration of the perinuclear mitochondrial network was associated with a loss of myonuclei accumulating mt-RNA and exhibiting an anabolic transcriptomic signature notably enriched in sarcomeric transcripts. These findings suggest that REDD1-dependent MERCS remodelling may regulate muscle anabolism beyond the control of mRNA translation, by shaping the myonuclear transcriptome. Finally, REDD1 localised to the NMJ and reduced endplate area during DEX treatment. Interestingly, MERCS were denser in NMJ than in myofiber body and we showed in vitro that FATE1-mediated MERCS disruption was sufficient to reduce protein synthesis and agrin-induced acetylcholine-receptor clustering demonstrating that REDD1 and MERCS are important for NMJ stabilization. Conclusions: Muscle REDD1 links the glucocorticoid response to compartment-specific mitochondrial network remodelling, protein synthesis as well as NMJ stability in fast glycolytic fibers. Our results also show that REDD1 is important for maintaining basal mitochondrial network and protein synthesis homeostasis.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2026

Monocytes promote intraepithelial infiltration of effector memory CD8+ T cells in regressing tumors

Despite the clinical success of cancer immunotherapies, the cellular interactions driving tumor regression remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the dynamic remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment during regression of transplanted PyMT mammary tumors following STING agonist treatment. Using scRNA-seq of sorted CD8+ T cells and myeloid cells, combined with imaging approaches, we identified major changes in both lymphoid and myeloid compartments during tumor regression. Regressing tumors showed a transient accumulation of Ly6Chi monocyte populations associated with a decline in macrophage subsets, while effector and memory CD8+ T-cell populations increased at the expense of exhausted T cells. Interaction analyses predicted enhanced chemotactic and adhesion interactions between CXCL9+ Ly6Chi monocytes and effector CD8+ T cells. Consistently, dynamic imaging revealed increased CD8+ T-cell motility and infiltration into tumor cores following treatment. In particular, CXCR6+ effector CD8+ T cells transiently accumulated within tumor islets during regression before relocalizing to stromal regions. Together, these findings reveal a coordinated spatiotemporal remodeling of myeloid and CD8+ T-cell populations during immunotherapy-induced tumor regression and highlight cooperative interactions that may promote durable anti-tumor immunity.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2026

Preconceptional immunomodulation partially corrects pregnancy associated abnormalities induced by endometriosis in a mice model, with a normalization of transcriptional alteration observed in the developing fetal maternal interface at the single cell level.

Endometriosis is a chronic disease of gynaecological origin that affects approximately 10% of women worldwide and has a significant impact on patients lives. Women with endometriosis attempting to conceive may experience infertility and have a higher risk of obstetric complications. They are also more likely to miscarry and have placental defects during pregnancy. The impact of endometriosis on pregnancy remains unclear. Defects in implantation and placentation may be present, but these processes are difficult to study in human subjects. To address this issue, we used a surgically induced mouse model of endometriosis and examined pregnancy in the CBAxDBA crossbreed, which is commonly employed to study pregnancy immunology. We examined early (E9.5) and late (E18.5) gestational stages. In this model, we confirmed that the presence of endometriosis-like lesions resulted in fewer implantations and a higher proportion of fetal resorption, which is analogous to miscarriage. When an immune tolerance was induced previous to the endometriosis induction, we observed that endometriotic lesions were smaller, and gestational complications were mostly corrected. At early gestation (E9.5), fetal-maternal interfaces were retrieved to assess the potential impact of endometriosis and immunomodulation on placental development using single-cell RNA-sequencing. Our data show that most changes induced by endometriosis occur in decidual stromal cells, which originate from the endometrium. In these cells, we observed a consistent upregulation of Gata4, a transcription factor previously found to be elevated in the endometrium of women with endometriosis. We also observed downregulation of Prap1, which is an indicator of uterine receptivity and successful implantation in mice. In the mice where immune tolerance was induced, the endometriosis associated transcriptomic changes were partially reversed. In immune cells, endometriosis leads to an inflammation-associated signature. Additionally, the interferon gamma response is reduced in NK cells, which has been shown to be crucial for spiral artery remodelling and decidual integrity, which may be involved in the observed increased resorption rate. Overall, our findings provide new insights into endometriosis-associated infertility and pregnancy complications in a mouse model that can be partially corrected by immune modulation. These results suggest that targeting the immune system should be considered in future studies to improve pregnancy outcomes in patients with endometriosis.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2025

Spatial and Multiomic profiling of muscle regeneration dynamics in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a pediatric degenerative myopathy caused by the absence of functional dystrophin. As a result, DMD muscles exhibit compromised myofiber integrity and increased susceptibility to mechanical damage. In early disease stages, muscles undergo repeated cycles of degeneration and regeneration; over time, however, this regenerative capacity declines, leading to the gradual replacement of muscle tissue with fat and fibrosis. While several signaling pathways have been identified as deregulated in dystrophic muscle, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this regenerative exhaustion remain to be fully elucidated. To address this, we constructed a comprehensive cellular atlas of human dystrophic muscle using high-resolution spatial transcriptomics (Visium HD), capturing the cellular crosstalk within regenerative regions. Cell-to-cell communication analysis revealed activation of Notch signaling mediated by NOTCH3 in activated satellite cells. Immunostaining confirmed elevated NOTCH3 expression in both DMD patient samples and in the mdx mouse model at late disease stages. Silencing of NOTCH3 in primary myoblasts improved myogenic differentiation, pinpointing NOTCH3-mediated signaling as a contributor to regeneration impairment. To further dissect the dynamics of regeneration and infer the gene regulatory networks governing myogenic differentiation, we integrated paired snRNA-seq and snATAC-seq data from young, adult, and aged mdx mice. This analysis identified GLIS3 upregulation as an additional barrier to effective myogenesis. GLIS3 displayed an overall increase in dystrophic muscles, while silencing experiments enhanced differentiation in myoblasts. Together, our work reveals intrinsic defects in the dystrophic stem cell compartment that emerge during disease progression and hinder the execution of the myogenic program. These findings suggest NOTCH3 and GLIS3 as potential therapeutic targets to enhance regeneration and maintain muscle integrity in DMD. This study provides a high-resolution map of the dystrophic regenerative landscape and offers a valuable resource for future translational research.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2025

A Catalytically Inactive Protein Kinase C alpha Mutation Drives Chordoid Glioma by Pathway Rewiring

Abstract SummaryChordoid glioma (ChG) is a rare, low-grade brain tumor characterized by a novel recurrent point mutation, D463H, in the kinase domain of protein kinase C alpha (PKC). The mutation is invariably an Asp to His substitution, suggesting it endows a unique function beyond catalytic inactivation associated with other cancer-associated PKC mutations. Here we use in vitro and in cellulo activity assays to show that PKCD463H is catalytically inactive, functions as a dominant-negative mutant to suppress endogenous PKC and uniquely rewires the cellular interactome. Specifically, phosphoproteomic, proximity labeling, and co-immunoprecipitation mass-spectrometry data from cells overexpressing PKCD463H identify altered phosphorylation of substrates and binding to multiple proteins involved in cell-cell junctions compared to WT enzyme. Lastly, single nuclei RNAseq reveals that ChG derives from specialized tanycytes. Our data suggest that this disease-defining, fully penetrant mutation promotes neomorphic non-catalytic scaffolding to impair cell junction function.

molecular biology↗