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Biology subjects

Iravani, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Iravani, M..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

LOX inhibition disrupts a collagen-integrin-MYC axis as a translatable targeting strategy in invasive lobular carcinoma

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) accounts for 15% of breast cancers yet lacks specific therapy because ILCs are underrepresented in clinical trials and preclinical models are lacking. We established intraductal xenograft models to test whether the clinical pan-lysyl-oxidase PXS-5505, now in phase trials for myelofibrosis can exploit the collagen-rich matrix dependency created by CDH1 loss. PXS-5505 remodels fibrillar collagen, and halts tumor expansion and metastatic seeding across ER+ and triple negative models without systemic toxicity. Genome-wide CRISPR screens reveal ITGAV and ITGB5 as synthetic lethal partners of CDH1 and LOX inhibition downregulates their expression together with MYC, NF-{kappa}B, and AP-1 transcriptional programmes. Collagen fibre density/alignment, and MYC/AP-1 gene signatures serve as pharmacodynamic readouts of drug activity. These data uncover a tractable ECM-integrin-MYC axis in ILC and nominate PXS-5505, alone or with endocrine therapy, for window of opportunity trials in this understudied breast cancer subtype. One Sentence SummaryTargeting matrix remodelling in ILC inhibits ILC progression and alters multiple molecular endpoints, providing a translatable therapeutic strategy for this understudied subtype that requires better treatments.

cancer biology↗

Genomic profiling and pre-clinical modelling of breast cancer leptomeningeal metastasis (BCLM) reveals acquisition of a lobular-like phenotype

Breast cancer leptomeningeal metastasis (BCLM), where tumour cells grow along the lining of the brain and spinal cord, is a devastating development for patients. Investigating this metastatic site is hampered by difficulty in accessing tumour material. Here, we utilise cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and CSF disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) to explore the clonal evolution of BCLM and heterogeneity between leptomeningeal and extracranial metastatic sites. Somatic alterations with potential therapeutic actionability were detected in 81% (17/21) of BCLM cases, with 19% detectable in CSF cfDNA only. BCLM was enriched in genomic aberrations in adherens junction and cytoskeletal genes, revealing a lobular-like breast cancer phenotype. CSF DTCs were cultured in 3D to establish BCLM patient-derived organoids, and used for the successful generation of BCLM in vivo models. These data reveal that BCLM possess a unique genomic aberration profile and highlights potential cellular dependencies in this hard-to-treat form of metastatic disease.

cancer biology↗

Impairment of a distinct cancer-associated fibroblast population limits tumour growth and metastasis

Profiling studies have revealed considerable phenotypic heterogeneity in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) present within the tumour microenvironment, however, functional characterisation of different CAF subsets is hampered by the lack of specific markers defining these populations. Here we show that genetic deletion of the Endo180 (MRC2) receptor, predominantly expressed by a population of matrix-remodelling CAFs, profoundly limits tumour growth and metastasis; effects that can be recapitulated in 3D co-culture assays. This impairment results from a CAF-intrinsic contractility defect and reduced CAF viability which, coupled with the lack of phenotype in the normal mouse, demonstrates that upregulated Endo180 expression by a specific, potentially targetable CAF subset is required to generate a supportive tumour microenvironment. Further, characterisation of a tumour subline selected via serial in vivo passage for its ability to overcome these stromal defects provides important insight into how tumour cells adapt to a non-activated stroma in the early stages of metastatic colonisation.

cancer biology↗

Metabolic adaptability in metastatic breast cancer by AKR1B10-dependent balancing of glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation

The different stages of the metastatic cascade present distinct metabolic challenges to tumour cells and an altered tumour metabolism associated with successful metastatic colonisation provides a therapeutic vulnerability in disseminated disease. We identify the aldo-keto reductase AKR1B10 as a metastasis enhancer that has little impact on primary tumour growth or dissemination but promotes effective tumour growth in secondary sites and, in human disease, is associated with an increased risk of distant metastatic relapse. AKR1B10High tumour cells have reduced glycolytic capacity and dependency on glucose as fuel source but increased utilisation of fatty acid oxidation. Conversely, in both 3D tumour spheroid assays and in vivo metastasis assays, inhibition of fatty acid oxidation blocks AKR1B10High-enhanced metastatic colonisation with no impact on AKR1B10Low cells. Finally, mechanistic analysis supports a model in which AKR1B10 serves to limit the toxic side effects of oxidative stress thereby sustaining fatty acid oxidation in metabolically challenging metastatic environments.

cancer biology↗