Biology subjects

Hudon, J.

Publications and source records attributed to Hudon, J..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Admixture mapping among three hybridizing sapsucker (Sphyrapicus) species shows importance of the Z chromosome in phenotypic differentiation and speciation

Plumage pigmentation is under intense sexual and natural selection and plays an important role in the speciation process in birds, so there is much interest in uncovering the genomic basis of plumage colour differences between populations and species. Three species of North American woodpeckers, the red-breasted (Sphyrapicus ruber), red-naped (S. nuchalis), and yellow-bellied sapsuckers (S. varius), provide a particularly promising opportunity to unravel the genomic mechanisms of plumage colour differentiation. The breeding ranges of the three species are mostly non-overlapping but adjacent, with hybrid zones occurring where the ranges meet. The species pair with the most similar plumage colouration (S. varius and S. nuchalis) is not the most closely related pair genomically (S. nuchalis and S. ruber is), providing an opportunity to determine the subset of the genome that underlies the plumage colour variation. Using admixture mapping of whole genome sequences from each species and hybrids from each species pair, we show close associations between the colour of multiple plumage patches and wide swathes of the Z-chromosome. These results highlight how comparable changes in one sex chromosome can cause either slight plumage pigmentation changes (S. varius vs. S. nuchalis) or large-scale shifts from dimorphism to monomorphism and from primarily black and white to primarily red plumage colouration (S. varius and S. nuchalis vs. S. ruber).

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Bird Name-a-thon: Categorizing English bird names using crowdsourcing

Common names of species are important for communicating with the general public. In principle, these names should provide an accessible way to engage with and identify species. The common names of species have historically been labile without standard guidelines, even within a language. Currently, there is no systematic assessment of how often common names communicate identifiable and biologically relevant characteristics about species. This is a salient issue in ornithology, where common names are used more often than scientific names for species of birds in written and spoken English, even by professional researchers. To gain a better understanding of the types of terminology used in the English-language common names of bird species, a group of 85 professional ornithologists and non-professional contributors classified unique descriptors in the common names of all recognized species of birds. In the AvianLexiconAtlas database produced by this work, each species common name is assigned to one of ten categories associated with aspects of avian biology, ecology, or human culture. Across 10,906 species of birds, 89% have names describing the biology of the species, while the remaining 11% of species have names derived from human cultural references, human names, or local non-English languages. Species with common names based on features of avian biology are more likely to be related to each other or be from the same geographic region. The crowdsourced data collection also revealed that many common names contain specialized or historic terminology unknown to many of the data collectors, and we include these terms in a glossary and gazetteer alongside the dataset. The AvianLexiconAtlas can be used as a quantitative resource to assess the state of terminology in English-language common names of birds. Future research using the database can shed light on historical approaches to nomenclature and how people engage with species through their names.

zoology↗

bioRxiv2024

Population genetic consequences of the seasonal migrations of birds

Differences in life history can cause co-distributed species to display discordant population genetic patterns. In high-latitude animals, evolutionary processes may be especially influenced by long-distance seasonal migration, a widespread adaptation to seasonality. Although migratory movements are intuitively linked to dispersal, their evolutionary genetic consequences remain poorly understood. Using [~]1700 genomes from 35 co-distributed boreal-breeding bird species, we reveal that most long-distance migrants exhibit spatial genetic structure, revealing evolutionary effects of philopatry rather than dispersal. We further demonstrate that migration distance and genetic diversity are strongly positively correlated in our study species. This striking relationship suggests that the adaptive seasonal shifts in biogeography that long-distance migratory species undergo each year lends them enhanced population stability that preserves genetic diversity relative to shorter-distance migrants that winter at higher latitudes. Our results suggest that the major impact of long-distance seasonal migration on population genetic evolution occurs through promotion of demographic stability, rather than facilitation of dispersal.

evolutionary biology↗