Howlett, K. F. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2024

Adipose tissue protein kinase D (PKD): regulation of signalling networks and its sex-dependent effects on metabolism

The protein kinase D (PKD) family of three highly homologous isoforms (PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3) are implicated as nutrient sensing signalling kinases that regulate the response of adipose and other tissues to the nutrient environment. However, the physiological role of adipose tissue PKD and its downstream cellular signalling targets are not well characterised. Phosphoproteomics was performed to elucidate signalling events downstream of PKD activation in differentiated 3T3L1 adipocytes using a triple isoform siRNA knockdown model. This revealed PKD-regulated pathways including insulin and cAMP signalling, which control metabolic responses in adipose tissue. An adipose tissue-specific and inducible dominant negative PKD (atDNPKD) mouse model that achieves functional inhibition of all three PKD isoforms was generated to assess the function of adipose PKD on whole-body metabolism in vivo in both male and female mice. Insulin-stimulated suppression of lipolysis was blunted in male, but not female, atDNPKD mice compared to control mice. Female, but not male, atDNPKD mice had higher fasting insulin but normal insulin action. Male atDNPKD mice showed greater sensitivity to the {beta}3-adrenergic receptor agonist CL316,243 on measures of lipolysis and energy expenditure, and displayed greater fat oxidation during fasting. During refeeding, male atDNPKD mice consumed less food and took longer to regain body weight lost during fasting. These effects were not observed in female mice. These findings indicate that PKD provides sex-dependent fine-tuning control of cAMP signalling in adipose tissue that is important for the coordination of energy balance during fasting and refeeding. NEW & NOTEWORTHYThe protein kinase D (PKD) family is a target for the treatment of obesity-related disorders. However, the physiological role of PKD in adipose tissue remains to be resolved. Using phosphoproteomics and an adipose tissue PKD loss-of-function mouse model, results demonstrate that PKD provides fine tuning of metabolic signalling in adipose tissue and metabolic responses to fasting and refeeding challenges, via coordination of feeding behaviour and regulation of body weight.

physiology↗

bioRxiv2022

Amyloid beta 42 alters cardiac metabolism and impairs cardiac function in obesity

There are epidemiological associations between obesity and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and Alzheimers disease. While some common aetiological mechanisms are known, the role of amyloid beta 42 (A{beta}42) in these diverse chronic diseases is obscure. Here we show that adipose tissue releases A{beta}42, which is increased from adipose tissue of obese mice and is associated with higher plasma A{beta}42. Increasing circulating A{beta}42 levels in non-obese mice had no effect on systemic glucose homeostasis but had obesity-like effects on the heart, including reduced cardiac glucose clearance and impaired cardiac function. These effects on cardiac function were not observed when circulating levels of the closely related A{beta}40 isoform were increased. Administration of an A{beta} neutralising antibody prevented obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy. Furthermore, A{beta} neutralising antibody administration in established obesity prevented further deterioration of cardiac function. Multi-contrast transcriptomic analyses revealed that A{beta}42 impacted pathways of mitochondrial metabolism and exposure of cardiomyocytes to A{beta}42 inhibited mitochondrial function. These data reveal a role for systemic A{beta}42 in the development of cardiac disease in obesity and suggest that therapeutics designed for Alzheimers disease could be effective in combating obesity-induced heart failure.

physiology↗