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Biology subjects

Hitchcock, N. B.

Publications and source records attributed to Hitchcock, N. B..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

Nuclear Myosin VI stabilises Ku-associated DNA ends during non-homologous end joining

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) require rapid signalling and physical stabilisation of broken DNA ends to preserve genome integrity. Here, we identify myosin VI (MVI) as an ATM-regulated component of the DSB response. DNA damage induces rapid nuclear accumulation and nanoscale reorganisation of MVI across multiple cell models, in an ATM-dependent manner. Pharmacological or genetic perturbation of MVI attenuates {gamma}H2AX signalling and disrupts Ku80 organisation, while DNA damage persists. This leads to increased sensitivity to cisplatin and bleomycin. Super-resolution imaging reveals spatial association of MVI with Ku80-containing repair structures, implicating MVI in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). In a minimal reconstituted system, MVI and actin enhance the proximity of Ku70/80-bound DNA ends. Together, our findings identify MVI as a regulator of DSB repair that links ATM signalling to Ku-associated DNA-end stabilisation and suggest that targeting MVI may sensitise tumour cells to genotoxic therapy.

cancer biology↗

DNA Damage Driven Viability Loss and Transcriptional Reprogramming in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cell Perfusion Culture

Intensified perfusion cultures promise higher yields and consistent product quality, yet extended runs frequently stall due to declining Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell viability at high cell density. Here, we identify DNA damage accumulation as a central, previously underappreciated driver of this limitation. Using two antibody-expressing CHO cell lines operated at a control and high cell density in perfusion bioreactors, we combined time-resolved transcriptomics with molecular, biophysical and super-resolution imaging analyses. We observed a progressive, global downregulation of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways accompanied by a time-dependent accumulation of DNA lesions. Notably, {gamma}H2AX signalling declined despite DNA damage, indicating impaired damage sensing and repair. Concomitantly, RNA polymerase II protein levels and transcriptional hub organisation were markedly reduced, consistent with widespread transcriptional dysfunction preceding loss of viability. An extended 21-day perfusion run confirmed continued viability decline beyond day 14, supporting a cumulative damage model. Comparison with HEK293 cells revealed substantially more efficient DNA repair, underscoring an intrinsically attenuated DDR in CHO cells. Together, these findings demonstrate that unrepaired DNA damage fundamentally constrains perfusion culture longevity, exposing limits of CHO genomic plasticity and highlighting DDR pathways as promising targets for host cell engineering to enhance perfusion performance.

bioengineering↗