EphB2 and ERK signaling are required for heterotypic contact inhibition of locomotion to drive cell sorting
Interactions between different cell-types can induce distinct contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL) responses that are hypothesized to control population-wide behaviors during embryogenesis [1, 2]. However, our understanding of the signals that lead to cell-type specific repulsion, and the precise capacity of heterotypic CIL responses to drive emergent behaviors is lacking. Using a new in vitro model of heterotypic CIL between epithelial and mesenchymal cells, we show that fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080), but not fibroblasts (NIH3T3), are actively repelled by epithelial cells in culture. We show that knocking down EphB2 in fibrosarcoma cells specifically leads to disruption of the repulsion phase of CIL in response to interactions with epithelial cells. Furthermore, this heterotypic interaction requires ERK activation, downstream of EphB2 signaling. We also examine the population-wide effects when these various cell combinations, and their specific heterotypic CIL responses, are allowed to interact in culture. Mixtures of fibrosarcoma and epithelial cells - unlike fibroblasts and epithelial cells - lead to complete sorting and segregation of the two populations, and inhibiting their distinct CIL response by knocking down EphB2 or ERK in fibrosarcoma cells disrupts this emergent sorting behavior. Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying developmental behaviors such as cell sorting is lacking as predominant sorting hypotheses, such as differential adhesion, have recently been found inadequate in predicting the sorting of mesenchymal cells [3, 4]. These data suggest that heterotypic CIL responses, in conjunction with processes such as differential adhesion, may aid the sorting of cell populations during embryogenesis.