Biology subjects

Heyne, H. O.

Publications and source records attributed to Heyne, H. O..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2018

Neolithic and Medieval virus genomes reveal complex evolution of Hepatitis B

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most widespread human pathogens known today, yet its origin and evolutionary history are still unclear and controversial. Here, we report the analysis of three ancient HBV genomes recovered from human skeletons found at three different archaeological sites in Germany. We reconstructed two Neolithic and one medieval HBV genomes by de novo assembly from shotgun DNA sequencing data. Additionally, we observed HBV-specific peptides using paleo-proteomics. Our results show that HBV circulates in the European population for at least 7000 years. The Neolithic HBV genomes show a high genomic similarity to each other. In a phylogenetic network, they do not group with any human-associated HBV genome and are most closely related to those infecting African non-human primates. These ancient virus forms appear to represent distinct lineages that have no close relatives today and went possibly extinct. Our results reveal the great potential of ancient DNA from human skeletons in order to study the long-time evolution of blood borne viruses.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2017

Paternal-age-related de novo mutations and risk for five disorders

BackgroundThere are well-established epidemiologic associations between advanced paternal age and increased offspring risk for several psychiatric and developmental disorders. These associations are commonly attributed to age-related de novo mutations. However, the actual magnitude of risk conferred by age-related de novo mutations in the male germline is unknown. Quantifying this risk would clarify the clinical and public health significance of delayed paternity.\n\nMethodsUsing results from large, parent-child trio whole-exome-sequencing studies, we estimated the relationship between paternal-age-related de novo single nucleotide variants (dnSNVs) and offspring risk for five disorders: autism spectrum disorders (ASD), congenital heart disease (CHD), neurodevelopmental disorders with epilepsy (EPI), intellectual disability (ID), and schizophrenia (SCZ). Using Danish national registry data, we then investigated the degree to which the epidemiologic association between each disorder and advanced paternal age was consistent with the estimated role of de novo mutations.\n\nResultsIncidence rate ratios comparing dnSNV-based risk to offspring of 45 versus 25-year-old fathers ranged from 1.05 (95% confidence interval 1.01-1.13) for SCZ to 1.29 (95% CI 1.13-1.68) for ID. Epidemiologic estimates of paternal age risk for CHD, ID and EPI were consistent with the dnSNV effect. However, epidemiologic effects for ASDs and SCZ significantly exceeded the risk that could be explained by dnSNVs alone (p<2e-4 for both comparisons).\n\nConclusionIncreasing dnSNVs due to advanced paternal age confer a small amount of offspring risk for psychiatric and developmental disorders. For ASD and SCZ, epidemiologic associations with delayed paternity largely reflect factors that cannot be assumed to increase with age.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2017

Widely used commercial ELISA for human Zonulin reacts with Complement C3 rather than pre-Haptoglobin 2

BACKGROUNDThere is increasing evidence for the role of impaired intestinal permeability in obesity and associated metabolic diseases. Zonulin is an established serum marker for intestinal permeability and identical to pre-haptoglobin2. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating zonulin and metabolic traits related to obesity.\n\nMETHODSSerum zonulin was measured by using a widely used commercial ELISA kit in 376 subjects from the metabolically well-characterized cohort of Sorbs from Germany. In addition, haptoglobin genotype was determined in DNA samples from all study subjects.\n\nRESULTSAs zonulin concentrations did not correlate to the haptoglobin genotypes, we investigated the specificity of the zonulin ELISA assay using antibody capture experiments, mass spectrometry and Western blot analysis. Using serum samples that gave the highest or lowest ELISA signals, we detected several proteins that are likely to be captured by the antibody in the present kit. However, none of these proteins corresponds to pre-haptoglobin2. We used increasing concentrations of recombinant pre-haptoglobin 2 and complement C3 as one of the representative captured proteins and the ELISA kit did not detect either. Western blot analysis using both the polyclonal antibodies used in this kit and monoclonal antibodies rose against zonulin showed a similar protein recognition pattern but with different intensity of detection. The protein(s) measured using the ELISA kit was (were) significantly increased in patients with diabetes and obesity and correlated strongly with markers of the lipid and glucose metabolism. Combining mass spectrometry and Western blot analysis using the polyclonal antibodies used in the ELISA kit, we identified properdin as another member of the zonulin family.\n\nCONCLUSIONSOur study suggests that the zonulin ELISA does not recognize pre-haptoglobin 2, rather structural (and possibly functional) analogue proteins belonging to the mannose-associated serine protease family, with properdin being the most likely possible candidate.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2017

The Spectrum Of De Novo Variants In Neurodevelopmental Disorders With Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a frequent feature of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) but little is known about genetic differences between NDD with and without epilepsy. We analyzed de novo variants (DNV) in 6753 parent-offspring trios ascertained for different NDD. In the subset of 1942 individuals with NDD with epilepsy, we identified 33 genes with a significant excess of DNV, of which SNAP25 and GABRB2 had previously only limited evidence for disease association. Joint analysis of all individuals with NDD also implicated CACNA1E as a novel disease gene. Comparing NDD with and without epilepsy, we found missense DNV, DNV in specific genes, age of recruitment and severity of intellectual disability to be associated with epilepsy. We further demonstrate to what extent our results impact current genetic testing as well as treatment, emphasizing the benefit of accurate genetic diagnosis in NDD with epilepsy.

genetics↗