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Biology subjects

Hebert-Dufresne, L.

Publications and source records attributed to Hebert-Dufresne, L..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

Community Engagement during outbreak response: standards, approaches, and lessons from the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone

Summary pointsO_LIThe Social Mobilization Action Consortium (SMAC) was Sierra Leones largest coordinated community engagement initiative during the 2014 - 2016 Ebola outbreak. It worked in all 14 districts in Sierra Leone across >12,000 communities (approximately 70% of all communities), through 2,466 trained Community Mobilizers, a network of 2,000 mosques and churches, and 42 local radio stations.\nC_LIO_LIWe describe SMACs Theory of Change and utilization of the Community-Led Ebola Action (CLEA) approach. We present an extensive dataset of community engagement and monitoring with a focus on over 50,000 SMAC weekly reports collected by Community Mobilizers between December 2014 and September 2015.\nC_LIO_LICommunity engagement and real-time data collection at scale is achievable in the context of a health emergency if adequately structured, managed, coordinated and resourced.\nC_LIO_LIWe describe a correlation between systemic community engagement, community action planning and Ebola-safe behaviors at community-level.\nC_LIO_LIThe SMAC integrated approach demonstrates the scope of data - including surveillance data - that can be generated directly by communities through structured community engagement interventions implemented at scale during an Ebola outbreak.\nC_LIO_LIWe highlight important insights gleaned over time on how to informally integrate social mobilization into community-based surveillance of sick people and deaths.\nC_LI

epidemiology↗

Edge fires drive the shape and stability of tropical forests

In tropical regions, fires propagate readily in grasslands but typically consume only edges of forest patches. Thus forest patches grow due to tree propagation and shrink by fires in surrounding grasslands. The interplay between these competing edge effects is unknown, but critical in determining the shape and stability of individual forest patches, as well the landscape-level spatial distribution and stability of forests. We analyze high-resolution remote-sensing data from protected areas of the Brazilian Cerrado and find that forest shapes obey a robust perimeter-area scaling relation across climatic zones. We explain this scaling by introducing a heterogeneous fire propagation model for tropical forest-grassland ecotones. Deviations from this perimeter-area relation determine the stability of individual forest patches. At a larger scale, our model predicts that the relative rates of tree growth due to propagative expansion and long-distance seed dispersal determine whether collapse of regional-scale tree cover is continuous or discontinuous as fire frequency changes.

ecology↗

The risk of sustained sexual transmission of Zika is underestimated

Pathogens can follow more than one transmission route during outbreaks - from needle sharing plus sexual transmission of HIV to small droplet aerosol plus fomite transmission of influenza. Thus, controlling an infectious disease outbreak often requires characterizing the risk associated with multiple mechanisms of transmission. For example, during the Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa, weighing the relative importance of funeral versus health care worker transmission was essential to stopping disease spread [1]. Strategic policy decisions regarding interventions must rely on accurately characterizing risks associated with multiple transmission routes. The ongoing Zika virus outbreak challenges our conventional methodologies for translating case-counts into route-specific transmission risk. Critically, most approaches will fail to accurately estimate the risk of seeing sustained sexual transmission of a pathogen that is primarily vectored by a mosquito - ...

epidemiology↗