Biology subjects

Haylett, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Haylett, M..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2022

Detection of bifenthrin, bifenazate, etoxazole resistance in Tetranychus urticae collected from mint fields and hop yards using targeted sequencing and TaqMan approaches

Tetranychus urticae (Koch) is an economically important pest of many agricultural commodities in the Pacific Northwest. Multiple miticides are currently registered for control including abamectin, bifenazate, bifenthrin, and extoxazole. However, populations of Tetranychus urticae have developed miticide resistance through multiple mechanisms, in many different growing regions. Producers of agricultural commodities where Tetranychus urticae infestations are problematic rely on integrated pest management tools to determine optimal control methods. Within this species multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms have been documented in different genes which are associated with miticide resistance phenotypes. The detection of these mutations through TaqMan qPCR has been suggested as a practical, quick, and reliable tool to inform agricultural producers of miticide resistance phenotypes present within their fields and have potential utility for making appropriate miticide application and integrated pest management decisions. Within this investigation we examined the use of a TaqMan qPCR-based approach to determine miticide resistance genotypes in field-collected populations of Tetranychus urticae from mint fields and hop yards in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and confirmed the results with a multiplex targeted sequencing. The results suggest the TaqMan approach accurately genotypes Tetranychus urticae populations collected from agricultural fields. The interpretation of the results, however, provide additional challenges for integrated pest management practitioners, including making miticide application recommendations where populations of Tetranychus urticae are a mix of resistant and wildtype individuals.

ecology↗

bioRxiv2022

Examining historical rates of leafcutting bee cell pathogens to establish baseline infectivity rates for alfalfa seed growers

The alfalfa leafcutting bee (Megachile rotundata) is one of the primary pollinators for the alfalfa seed industry. The alfalfa leafcutting bee is a solitary cavity nesting bee. Female Megachile rotundata bees will construct and provision individual brood cells lined with cut leaves (cocoon) and will gather nectar and pollen to place within the constructed cocoon. The female bee will lay a single egg within the constructed cocoon and leave the egg to undergo larval stage development and pupation into the adult stage. During this time multiple pathogens and parasitoids can prey on the developing larvae, resulting in the loss of the future adult bee. A major concern for commercial alfalfa seed growers is the presence of invertebrate pests and fugal pathogens. In the present study, we used historical data from the Parma Cocoon Diagnostic Laboratory to determine baseline rates of pathogen and parasite infection of Megachile rotundata cells and used this analysis to determine historical infection rates and cutoffs for management practices. Additionally, using a Faxitron (X-ray) analysis for Megachile rotundata cell obtained in 2020, we compared the presence of chalkbrood, pathogens, and parasitoids in samples collected from both growers stocks and newly purchased Canada bees. The results of the investigation demonstrate historical averages of the presence of chalkbrood, pathogens, and parasitoids. We also show a significant increase in chalkbrood and predators in 2007-2011 and a significant difference in chalkbrood and predators between bee samples obtained from Canada and grower stocks.

ecology↗

bioRxiv2022

Multiplex PCR reveals unique trends in pathogen and parasitoid infestations of alfalfa leafcutting brood cells.

The alfalfa leafcutting bee Megachile rotundata Fabricius (HYMENOPTERA: Megachilidae) is an important pollinator for multiple agricultural seed commodities in the United States. Megachile rotundata is a solitary bee that forms brood cocoons where its larvae can develop. During the developmental stages of growth, broods can be preyed upon by multiple different fungal and bacterial pathogens and insect predators and parasitoids, resulting in the loss of the developing larvae. Larval loss is a major concern for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seed producers because they rely on pollinator services provided by Megachile rotundata and reduced pollination rates result in lower yields and increased production costs. In the present study, we examined the taxonomic composition of organisms found within M. rotundata brood cells using a multiplex PCR assay which was developed for the detection of the most common bacterial, fungal, and invertebrate pests and pathogens of M. rotundata larvae. Known pests of M. rotundata were detected, including members of the fungal genus Ascosphaera, the causative agent of chalkbrood. Co-infection of single brood cells by multiple Ascosphaera species was confirmed, with potential implications for chalkbrood disease management. The multiplex assay also identified DNA from more than 2,400 total species including multiple new predators and pathogenetic species not previously documented in associated with M. rotundata brood cells.

ecology↗