Biology subjects

Han, Q.

Publications and source records attributed to Han, Q..

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

A conformational switch governs the dual role of liquid-liquid phase separation in amyloid fibrillization

Biomolecular condensates provide dynamic environments that store and organize proteins, yet the fundamental principles determining whether condensation promotes or suppresses irreversible protein aggregation remain unclear. Here, we show that the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) RHIM domain follows distinct self-assembly pathways into condensates or amyloid fibrils depending on its conformational state. We find that predominantly folded proteins undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), forming reversible condensates that kinetically suppress fibril formation. Partial unfolding instead promotes direct fibrillization that bypasses LLPS, whereas induced condensate formation via increasing ionic strength or addition of molecular crowder delays amyloid formation. In contrast, when the protein is predominantly unfolded, LLPS accelerates fibrillization through condensate-interface-mediated nucleation. These findings establish protein conformation as a determinant of whether condensates suppress or promote amyloid assembly, revealing a dual role for phase separation in regulating functional amyloid formation and providing a framework that connects condensate dynamics with cellular functions.

biophysics↗

bioRxiv2026

Immunometabolic Remodeling of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Murine Lupus: Implications for Lupus Vasculopathy

BackgroundPatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) face markedly increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk driven by mechanisms beyond traditional risk factors. Thoracic aortic perivascular adipose tissue (tPVAT) is dysfunctional in lupus and exacerbates endothelial dysfunction, yet the molecular basis of this dysfunction remains poorly defined. MethodsIntegrated multi-omics profiling, including bulk RNA-seq, untargeted proteomics, lipidomics, and high-dimensional spectral flow cytometry, was performed on tPVAT from 15-week-old MRL/lpr mice (active lupus, n = 4-6) and MRL control mice (n = 5-6). Adipogenic differentiation capacity of tPVAT adipose stromal and progenitor cells (ASPCs) from MRL/lpr was assessed by Oil Red O staining at 5 (pre-dieasea) and 15 weeks (active disease), with subcutaneous ASPCs used as depot controls. ResultsTranscriptomic profiling of tPVAT from MRL/lpr mice identified 2,742 upregulated and 1,494 downregulated genes (adjusted p < 0.001, |log2FC| > 1), with strong activation of interferon, IL6-JAK-STAT3, and TNFA signaling pathways together with suppression of fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and adipogenic pathways. Proteomic and lipidomic analyses were concordant, revealing broad downregulation of mitochondrial bioenergetic machinery, depletion of cardiolipin and acylcarnitines, and enrichment of ceramide phosphoinositols and lysophosphatidylcholines. Cardiolipin strongly correlated with the mitochondrial/metabolic protein module (r = 0.95) and inversely with the immune/inflammatory protein module (r = -0.92). Spectral flow cytometry confirmed marked CD45+ leukocyte infiltration dominated by T cells, together with a significantly reduced Treg/CD4+ ratio indicating loss of local immunoregulatory balance. ASPCs derived from PVAT of 15-week-old MRL/lpr mice exhibited impaired white and beige adipogenic differentiation, while APCs from PVAT of 5-week-old MRL/lpr mice, and from subcutaneous adipose tissues of 15-week-old MRL/lpr mice, had normal white and beige differentiation, consistent with an acquired, depot-specific, disease-stage-dependent progenitor defect in PVAT of MRL/lpr mice. ConclusionsLupus tPVAT undergoes a concordant cross-platform molecular reprogramming of mitochondrial bioenergetic genes coupled with establishment of an interferon-dominant immune niche and acquired loss of ASPC adipogenic capacity. These findings provide a molecular framework for lupus PVAT dysfunction and identify restoration of mitochondrial function, suppression of interferon-driven inflammation, and renewal of progenitor differentiation as potential therapeutic strategies for lupus vasculopathy.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2026

Microglia-derived IL-18 remodels hippocampal plasticity to constrain traumatic fear memory

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves complex neuroimmune-synaptic crosstalk in the hippocampus. Here we show that interleukin-18 (IL-18), an extensively studied pro-inflammatory cytokine, serves a protective role against traumatic fear memory through a microglia-to-neuron signaling axis. Traumatic stress induces sustained upregulation of IL-18 in the hippocampus. Exogenous IL-18 administration attenuates fear memory, whereas blockade of IL-18 signaling exacerbates it. Mechanistically, microglial-derived IL-18 acts on neuronal IL-18R1 to restore stress-impaired synaptic plasticity and reduce perineuronal net density, thereby facilitating structural synaptic remodeling. In addition, IL-18 modulates the synaptic organization of fear memory-encoding engram cells within hippocampal ensembles. Together, these findings redefine IL-18 as a homeostatic regulator of post-trauma hippocampal synaptic function and identify the hippocampal IL-18 pathway as a potential therapeutic target for PTSD.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2026

DNA Adenine Methylation Clock in Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease Progression

N6-methyldeoxyadenosine (N6medA) is a recently identified endogenous DNA modification widely found in bacteria, plants, and eukaryotes. In mammals, N6medA has been implicated in brain function, immunity, and response to environmental stress, but its relevance to gene regulation and mammalian aging remains controversial due to its extremely low abundance (< 1 per 10 million adenines) and an uncertainty regarding its genomic origin. We have developed and validated an ultrasensitive isotope dilution nano liquid chromatography-nanospray ionization Orbitrap mass spectrometry methodology to quantify N6medA in genomic DNA. Applying this approach to human prefrontal cortex tissues, we found that genomic N6medA levels increase linearly with chronological age (Pearson correlation coefficient, 0.95). Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimers disease (AD) exhibited a trend toward elevated cortical N6medA levels relative to age-matched controls. Genome-wide profiling of N6medA in human prefrontal cortex was conducted using two independent methods: NAME-Seq and MeDIP-Seq, which revealed age associated adenine methylation changes reminiscent of established epigenetic aging signatures such as the 5-methylcytosine clocks. N6medA mapping experiments identified a subset of genomic loci that were altered in MCI and AD. Pathway analysis of cross-validated adenine methylation sites revealed an enrichment of genes involved in neuronal function and age-related neurological processes, including glutamatergic synapse, axon guidance, and long-term depression. Finally, mass-spectrometry-based photoaffinity proteomics with synthetic DNA representing a region of the APP gene identified N6medA reader proteins with known roles in DNA repair, replication and transcription. Together, these findings identify N6medA as an age-associated DNA modification in the human brain and suggest that its accumulation and recognition by specific protein readers may contribute to molecular processes underlying brain aging and age-related neurodegeneration.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2026

L-cysteine inhibited the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus via increasing the ROS level

The emergence of multidrug-resistant Vibrio parahaemolyticus poses a severe threat to mariculture sustainability, highlighting the urgent need for eco-friendly antimicrobial agents. In this study, we demonstrated that L-Cysteine (L-Cys) functions as an inhibitor of V. parahaemolyticus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 7.5 mM. Microscopic observation and viability assays revealed that L-Cys compromises bacterial membrane integrity, ultimately leading to cell death. Further investigation indicated that the antibacterial effect is primarily attributed to the intracellular production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) generated by L-Cys metabolism. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses showed that L-Cys induced metabolic reprogramming by suppressing fatty acid {beta}-oxidation, one-carbon metabolism, and antioxidant enzymes. This disruption of redox homeostasis results in accelerated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition to its antibacterial effect, L-Cys also effectively reduced the virulence factor of bacterial motility. Finally, L-Cys demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against other pathogenic Vibrio species, including V. alginolyticus and V. anguillarum. Our findings suggest that L-Cys is a promising antimicrobial agent inducing ROS to mediate membrane disruption, with the advantages of cost-effectiveness and environmental safety for controlling vibriosis. ImportanceVibrio parahaemolyticus is a significant pathogen in aquaculture and a common cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis worldwide. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains of this bacterium highlights the need for alternative control agents. This study shows that L-cysteine (L-Cys) inhibits the growth of V. parahaemolyticus. Our data indicate that L-Cys is metabolized to produce hydrogen sulfide, which contributes to the accumulation of ROS and disrupts bacterial membrane integrity. Additionally, L-Cys reduces bacterial motility and shows inhibitory effects against other Vibrio species. These findings suggest that L-Cys may represent a useful agent for managing Vibrio infections in aquaculture settings.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2025

Effects of Combined Viral and Bacterial Vaccine on Production Performance in Broiler Chickens

This study formulated a novel inactivated vaccine containing Newcastle disease virus (Lasota strain), avian influenza virus (BZ strains), APG, adenovirus and ORT. The vaccine was administered to 1-day-old and 7-day-old fast-growing broiler chickens. Experimental results showed that the vaccine reduced the feed conversion ratio and induced high levels of antibodies against Newcastle disease (Lasota strain), avian influenza (BZ strains), and avian rhinotracheitis. Immunization at 1 day of age had a significant impact on the production of antibodies against adenovirus. Challenge tests indicated that the vaccine partially protected the broiler chickens against Avibacterium paragallinarum types A, B, and C in broilers. Post-mortem examination of the injection sites showed good absorption with no significant unabsorbed oil droplets or hyperplasia in both 1-day-old and 7-day-old immunized chickens. This study demonstrated that combined viral and bacterial vaccine enhanced the feed conversion ratio in broiler chickens.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2025

Immunogenicity of different types of adjuvants in bacterial vaccine

This study aims to investigate four common trivalent avian infectious coryza (AIC) vaccines available on the market. It detects the antibody levels of three serotypes at 7 days and 14 days after the first immunization, and at 30 days, 90 days, and 180 days after the second immunization using HI (Hemagglutination Inhibition Test) and ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Additionally, the levels of cytokines including IFN-{gamma} (Interferon-Gamma), IL-2 (Interleukin-2), and IL-3 (Interleukin-3) are measured. Furthermore, the protective rates of four of these vaccines are verified 180 days later. It demonstrated that the immunogenicity of mineral oil adjuvanted vaccine is higher than that of Aluminum adjuvanted. The animals should be boosted with another booster immunization six month post the first immunization to protect them from infectious coryza.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2025

Senescent host-derived extracellular vesicles potentiate antitumor immunity via bystander T cell activation

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key mediators of intercellular communication, and those from the plasma of aged individuals are typically viewed as drivers of aging or even cancer. Here, we uncover a latent, potent antitumor capacity inherent to EVs derived from aged hosts. Specifically, we demonstrate that extracellular vesicles from the plasma of aged mice (A-EVs) exhibit robust tumor-suppressive activity in young tumor-bearing recipients. Mechanistically, A-EVs engage a dual mode of action: they directly induce senescence in cancer cells, enhancing their immunogenicity. More importantly, they concurrently activate non-tumor-specific bystander CD8 T cells within the tumor microenvironment via cross-presentation of pathogen-derived antigens, thereby reshaping the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. This synergistic interplay potently reinvigorates antitumor immunity and sensitizes tumors to PD-L1 checkpoint blockade. Our findings establish A-EVs as a novel class of endogenous immunomodulators with broad therapeutic potential for cancer immunotherapy.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2025

Characteristics of reproductive tract microbiota in health and disease

The symbiotic relationship between the microbiota and the host is crucial to host health. The reproductive tract microbiota in health and disease was examined by next-generation sequencing for the first time in this study. A total of 10 healthy and 30 diseased samples were collected for microbiota analysis. Species distributions, alpha diversity, beta diversity, and functional gene prediction were analyzed. Riemerella anatipestifer, Escherichia coli, Avibacterium paragallinarum, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Enterococcus faecalis, and Acinetobacter baumannii were first identified as pathogenic bacteria at higher abundance in the reproductive tract of the laying hens. The diseased group exhibited dysbacteriosis and a different species-abundance cluster compared with the healthy control. Alpha-diversity analysis showed that the ACE index in the control group was significantly higher than in the diseased group. Beta diversity analysis indicates that samples from the healthy group had a more similar composition than those from the diseased group. Moreover, functional gene prediction analysis indicated that diseased groups showed a high level of gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, and potentially pathogenic bacteria. The pathogenic bacteria identified in this study are helpful for vaccine development and disease treatment. In conclusion, next-generation sequencing is an effective method for analyzing bacterial communities to support health assessment and disease diagnosis.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2025

Early blood-spinal cord barrier stabilization preserves peri-lesional tissue and improves recovery after SCI

Vascular disruption is an early and critical event in spinal cord injury (SCI), but its contribution remains poorly understood. Using novel in vivo two-photon dual-dye imaging, we found simultaneous blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) leakage and venous dilation in both the injury epicenter and adjacent transitional segment after cervical SCI in rats. Notably, vascular permeability in the transitional zone preceded axonal and neuronal loss, revealing a therapeutic window. Systemic delivery of ferulic acid-glycol chitosan (FA-GC) nanoparticles, a membrane-sealant, rapidly stabilized the compromised vasculature, reduced neuronal loss in the transitional region, and improved forelimb muscle strength. These findings identified acute vascular leakage beyond the injury epicenter as a driver of secondary pathology and highlight early vascular stabilization as promising therapeutic strategy.

pathology↗

bioRxiv2025

3D pathology-guided microdissection

Traditional micro- and macro-dissection techniques enable the extraction of localized regions in thin tissue sections for molecular analysis. Despite the growing use of 3D microscopy, analogous methods for volumetric microdissection are lacking. We have developed a 3D microdissection method based on computer numerical controlled (CNC) milling integrated with open-top light-sheet microscopy. We demonstrate the ability to study tumor evolution along convoluted 3D branching architectures, which is inaccessible to 2D methods.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2025

HalluDesign: Protein Optimization and de novo Design via Iterative Structure Hallucination and Sequence design

Deep learning has revolutionized biomolecular modeling, enabling the prediction of diverse structures with atomic accuracy. However, leveraging the atomic-level precision of the structure prediction model for de novo design remains challenging. Here, we present HalluDesign, a general all-atom framework for protein optimization and de novo design, which iteratively update protein structure and sequence. HalluDesign harnesses the inherent hallucination capabilities of AlphaFold3-style structure prediction models and enables fine-tune free, forward-pass only sequence-structure co-optimization. Structure conditioning at different noise level in the structure prediction stage allows precise control over the sampling space, facilitating tasks from local and global protein optimization to de novo design. We demonstrate the versatility of this framework by optimizing suboptimal structures, rescuing previously unsuccessful designs, designing new biomolecular interactions and generating new protein structures from scratch. Experimental characterization of a diverse set of proteins--including protein binders for small molecules, a metal ion and proteins; antibody design of phosphorylation-specific peptide; and monomeric proteins--revealed high design success rates and excellent structural accuracy. Together, our comprehensive computational and experimental results highlight the broad utility of this framework. We anticipate that HalluDesign will further unlock the modeling and design potential of AlphaFold3-like models, enabling the robust creation of complex biomolecules for a wide range of biotechnological applications.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2025

Determining Multivalent Interactomes of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins in Phase-Separated Condensates in Live Cells

Many intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDRs) can form liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) condensates via multivalent interactions, but how the interaction behaviors contribute to specific cellular functions remains unclear due to the unknown composition of the condensates. Here, we report phase-separation-induced interactome detection (PhaseID), a new method that determines the protein components within the LLPS condensates driven by any given IDR in live human cells. Using PhaseID, we demonstrated that transactivation IDRs each have unique multivalent interactomes, thereby executing transactivation through distinct pathways. In-depth analyses of PhaseID-determined IDR interactomes revealed that LLPS tunes the interaction selectivity of IDRs, enabling them to play new roles in specific cellular processes, and different LLPS condensates recruit proteins with distinct physicochemical properties encoded in their sequences.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2025

Generation and Validation of a Lower Limb Muscle Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data Set Identifies Pathogenic Endothelial Metabolism in Peripheral Arterial Disease

BackgroundPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) results from atherosclerotic occlusion(s) in leg arteries. Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) is the most severe form of PAD. Patients with CLTI suffer from rest pain, ulcers, or gangrene. Clinical outcomes remain poor in patients with CLTI and many investigational approaches, such as promoting angiogenesis, have failed. Understanding cell-specific vs. bulk-RNA changes within muscle offers an opportunity to better understand this disease. ObjectiveTo assess cell-specific alterations in gene and metabolism pathways in endothelial and muscle cells from leg muscle between patients with PAD vs. non-PAD controls. MethodsWe analyzed publicly available bulk RNA-seq leg muscle data from non-PAD controls, patients with intermittent claudication (IC) and CLTI. An emphasis was on glycolysis and the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). Two single-cell RNA-seq datasets were integrated, cell types identified, and metabolism pathway scores calculated across identified cell types. Validations included quantitative mRNA in flow-sorted ECs, and immunofluorescence from clinically-phenotyped human samples. ResultsBulk RNA-seq revealed downregulation of both glycolysis and HBP in CLTI vs. IC or control tissues. Single-cell analysis uncovered cell-type specific changes. In patients with CLTI, gene expression in ECs showed increased glycolysis and decreased HBP. In myonuclei gene expression of both pathways were reduced. Flow-sorted ECs confirmed higher glycolysis and reduced HBP in CLTI vs. controls. Immunofluorescence analysis of muscle revealed significantly lower HBPECs (9.5% vs. 31.3%, n=5/group, p=0.004) and increased glycolytic ECs (42.0% vs. 14.4%, n=7/group, p<0.001) in CLTI vs. control. The findings were independent of capillary density. In IC patients, supervised exercise vs. optimal medical care reduced ischemic muscle PFKFB3+ ECs (2.67% vs. 14.61%, n=11 vs. 9, p<0.001). ConclusionsWe generated and validated a single-cell RNA-seq data set that confirms maladaptive metabolic reprogramming in CLTI ECs. Strategies designed to alter metabolism need to account for differences between bulk vs. single-cell analyses.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2025

Novel Function of Arylalkalamine N-acetyltransfe- rase-1 in Modulating Host Coagulation and Blood Feeding in Aedes aegypti

During blood feeding, mosquitoes introduce substantial quantities of salivary proteins into their hosts to facilitate feeding. Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase-1 (aaNAT1) is a salivary protein prominently produced in the salivary glands of Aedes aegypti. Previous research has demonstrated that mosquitoes with AaaaNAT1 mutations fail to efficiently inhibit host blood coagulation; however, the precise regulatory mechanisms remain unknown. This study identified the primary metabolites and proteins interacting with AaaaNAT1 through integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses. Combined with isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), immunohistochemistry, ELISA, platelet function assays, and coagulation tests, we further established that AaaaNAT1 binds norepinephrine, reducing host platelet aggregation and thereby limiting activation of the host coagulation cascade and fibrinolytic system. Additionally, behavioral investigations showed that AaaaNAT1 knockdown in Aedes aegypti significantly prolonged the time required for female mosquitoes to locate a host and successfully obtain blood, while also markedly reducing blood consumption. This effect may stem from the inability of aaNAT1-depleted mosquitoes to effectively suppress host blood aggregation during feeding, as well as the downregulation of octopamine following AaaaNAT1 knockdown. Therefore, this study reveals a novel role for aaNAT1 distinct from its known functions in pigmentation and immunity, advancing our understanding of aaNAT1s role in insects.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2025

Human fibrosarcoma cells selected for very-high doxorubicin resistance, acquire trabectedin and eribulin cross-resistance, remain sensitive to recombinant methioninase, and have increased c-MYC expression

Doxorubicin is first-line chemotherapy for soft tissue sarcoma; however, the development of drug resistance limits its efficacy. The purpose of the present study was to select very-high doxorubicin-resistant (VHDR) HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells, determine cross-resistance to second-line chemotherapy drugs, determine maintenance of sensitivity to recombinant methioninase (r-METase) alone and in combination with doxorubicin, and measure the level of c-MYC expression. VHDR-HT1080 cells were generated by cultivating HT-1080 cells in a series of step-wise progressively higher concentrations of doxorubicin, ranging from 8 nM to 15 {micro}M, an 1875-fold increase, over a five-month period. The WST-8 reagent was used to assess cell viability. Four groups of in vitro drug-sensitivity tests were conducted, which involved both parental HT1080 and VHDR-HT1080 cells: 1) doxorubicin alone; 2) rMETase alone; 3) a combination of doxorubicin and rMETase; and 4) untreated control. The cross-resistance of VHDR-HT1080 cells to eribulin, trabectedin, gemcitabine and docetaxel was determined. The c-MYC levels in HT1080 and VHDR-HT1080 cells were measured using Western blotting. Doxorubicin had an IC50 of 3.3 {micro}M against HT1080 cells and 38.2 {micro}M against VHDR-HT1080 cells an 11.6-fold increase. The rMETase IC50 value for HT1080 was 0.75 U/ml and 0.59 U/ml for VHDR-HT1080. rMETase sensitized VHDR-HT1080 cells to doxorubicin. VHDR-HT1080 cells were cross-resistant to trabectedin 8.9-fold and cross-resistant to eribulin 1.87-fold compared to parental HT1080 cells. c-MYC expression was 8.4 times higher in VHDR-HT1080 cells compared to HT-1080 cells. The present results suggest rMETase may be used as a future clinical strategy to overcome super-doxorubicin resistance in soft tissue sarcoma.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2025

Cross-Species Prediction of Histone Modifications in Plants via Deep Learning

The regulation of gene expression in plants is governed by complex interactions between cis-regulatory elements and epigenetic modifications such as histone marks. While deep learning models have achieved success in predicting regulatory features from DNA sequence, their cross-species generalizability in plants remains largely unexplored. In this study, we systematically evaluated the ability of deep learning models to predict histone modifications across plant species using a multi-stage framework based on the Sei architecture. We trained species-specific models for Arabidopsis (A. thaliana), rice (O. sativa), and maize (Z. mays), achieving high within-species predictive performance (AUROC > 0.94) and strong agreement between predictions and experimental ChIP-seq profiles. However, cross-species predictions showed reduced performance with increasing phylogenetic distance, highlighting limited model transferability between monocots and dicots. To improve generalization, we built family-level models by training on multiple species across the Poaceae and Brassicaceae families. These models demonstrated robust predictive power in completely unprofiled species--those entirely unused in training set--highlighting the models adaptability to novel plant genomes based solely on conserved regulatory syntax. In contrast, cross-family models produced inconsistent results, with reliable performance only in species sharing conserved regulatory features. Lastly, we developed an easy-to-use pipeline that predicts genome-wide chromatin signals directly from DNA sequences. Our findings demonstrate that phylogenetically informed model training significantly improves cross-species epigenomic prediction, offering a scalable computational strategy for functional annotation in non-model and agriculturally important plants.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2025

Knowledge of effort modulates visual memory biases for body postures

The visual memory of others postures has been proposed to be shaped by knowledge and expectations. For example, the visual memory of a lifted arm was recently shown to be biased downward, suggesting that observers predicted the upcoming state of the arm based on knowledge of the effort required to hold the arm up against gravity. Alternatively, the downward bias for body postures could reflect an automatic normalization towards the most frequently observed arm position, with arms more often observed in a low position. Here, in three experiments, we provide evidence that the downward bias is flexibly modulated by knowledge of effort. In Experiment 1, we found a stronger downward bias for arm postures that are relatively effortful (lifting an arm above the shoulders while standing) compared to arm postures that are less effortful (lifting an arm above the chest while lying down). In Experiment 2, we found a stronger downward bias when the actor was standing (viewed from the side) than when the actor was lying down (viewed from above), even though the arm postures were visually identical. Moreover, dividing attention during the encoding stage reduced the bias, showing that attentive processing of the stimulus was required for the bias to emerge. Finally, in Experiment 3, we found that executing the observed posture during the visual memory task did not further increase the downward bias. Together, these findings demonstrate a high-level cognitive influence on the visual memory for body postures.

neuroscience↗