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Hammond, R. K.

Publications and source records attributed to Hammond, R. K..

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miRador: a fast and precise tool for the prediction of plant miRNAs

Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNA molecules that restrict gene expression via post-transcriptional regulation and function in several essential pathways including development, growth, and stress responses. Accurately identifying miRNAs in populations of small RNA (sRNA) sequencing libraries is a computationally intensive process which has resulted in the misidentification of inaccurately annotated miRNA sequences. In recent years, criteria for miRNA annotation have been refined to reduce these misannotations. Here, we describe miRador, a novel miRNA identification tool that utilizes the most up-to-date, community-established criteria for accurate identification of miRNAs in plants. We combine target prediction and Parallel Analysis of RNA Ends (PARE) data to assess the precision of the miRNAs identified by miRador. We compare miRador to other commonly used miRNA prediction tools and we find that miRador is at least as precise as other prediction tools while being significantly faster than other tools.

plant biology

Cis-regulatory architecture of human ESC-derived hypothalamic neuron differentiation aids in variant-to-gene mapping of relevant common complex traits

SummaryThe hypothalamus regulates metabolic homeostasis by influencing behavior, energy utilization and endocrine systems. Given its role governing health-relevant traits, such as body weight and reproductive timing, understanding the genetic regulation of hypothalamic development and function should yield insights into these traits and diseases. However, given its inaccessibility, studying human hypothalamic gene regulation has proven challenging. To address this gap, we generated a chromatin architecture atlas of an established embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived hypothalamic-like neuron (HN) model across three stages of in vitro differentiation. We profiled accessible chromatin and identified physically interacting contacts between gene promoters and their putative cis-regulatory elements (cREs) to characterize changes in the gene regulatory landscape during hypothalamic differentiation. Next, we integrated these data with GWAS loci for multiple traits and diseases enriched for heritability in these cells, identifying candidate effector genes and cREs impacting transcription factor binding. Our results reveal common target genes for these traits, potentially identifying core hypothalamic developmental pathways. Our atlas will enable future efforts to determine precise mechanisms underlying hypothalamic development with respect to specific disease pathogenesis.Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.View Full Text

genomics