Biology subjects

Halsey, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Halsey, M..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2023

Chiropterans are a hotspot for horizontal transfer of DNA transposons in Mammalia

Horizontal transfer of transposable elements is an important mechanism contributing to genetic diversity and innovation. Bats (order Chiroptera) have repeatedly been shown to experience horizontal transfer of transposable elements at what appears to be a high rate compared to other mammals. We investigated the occurrence of horizontally transferred DNA transposons involving bats. We found over 200 putative horizontally transferred elements within bats; sixteen transposons were shared across distantly related mammalian clades and two other elements were shared with a fish and two lizard species. Our results indicate that bats are a hotspot for horizontal transfer of DNA transposons. These events broadly coincide with the diversification of several bat clades, supporting the hypothesis that DNA transposon invasions have contributed to genetic diversification of bats.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Insights into mammalian TE diversity via the curation of 248 mammalian genome assemblies

We examined transposable element (TE) content of 248 placental mammal genome assemblies, the largest de novo TE curation effort in eukaryotes to date. We find that while mammals resemble one another in total TE content and diversity, they show substantial differences with regard to recent TE accumulation. This includes multiple recent expansion and quiescence events across the mammalian tree. Young TEs, particularly LINEs, drive increases in genome size while DNA transposons are associated with smaller genomes. Mammals tend to accumulate only a few types of TE at any given time, with one TE type dominating. We also found association between dietary habit and the presence of DNA transposon invasions. These detailed annotations will serve as a benchmark for future comparative TE analyses among placental mammals. One-Sentence SummaryA de novo assessment of TE content in 248 mammals finds informative trends in mammalian genome evolution.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2021

Comparison of genetic variation between rare and common congeners of Dipodomys with estimates of contemporary and historical effective population size

Organisms with low effective population sizes are at greater risk of extinction because of reduced genetic diversity. Dipodomys elator is a kangaroo rat that is classified as threatened in Texas and field surveys from the past 50 years indicate that the distribution of this species has decreased. This suggests geographic range reductions that could have caused population fluctuations, potentially impacting effective population size. Conversely, the more common and widespread D. ordii is thought to exhibit relative geographic and demographic stability. Genetic variation between D. elator and D. ordii samples was assessed using 3RAD, a modified restriction site associated sequencing approach. It was hypothesized that D. elator would show lower levels of nucleotide diversity, observed heterozygosity, and effective population size when compared to D. ordii. Also of interest was identifying population structure within contemporary samples of D. elator and detecting genetic variation between temporal samples that could indicate demographic dynamics. Up to 61,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms were analyzed. It was determined that genetic variability and effective population size in contemporary D. elator populations were lower than that of D. ordii, that there is only slight, if any, structure within contemporary D. elator populations, and there is little genetic differentiation between spatial or temporal historical samples suggesting little change in nuclear genetic diversity over 30 years. Results suggest that genetic diversity of D. elator has remained stable despite claims of reduced population size and/or abundance, which may indicate a metapopulation-like system, whose fluctuations might counteract any immediate decrease in fitness.

genetics↗