PGC1α Regulates the Endothelial Response to Fluid Shear Stress via Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Control of Heme Oxygenase-1
Fluid shear stress (FSS) is known to mediate multiple phenotypic changes in the endothelium. Laminar FSS (undisturbed flow) is known to promote endothelial alignment to flow that is key to stabilizing the endothelium and rendering it resistant to atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The molecular pathways responsible for endothelial responses to FSS are only partially understood. Here we have identified peroxisome proliferator gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) as a flow-responsive gene required for endothelial flow alignment in vitro and in vivo. Compared to oscillatory FSS (disturbed flow) or static conditions, laminar FSS (undisturbed flow) increased PGC-1 expression and its transcriptional co-activation. PGC-1 was required for laminar FSS-induced expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in vitro and in vivo via its association with ERR and KLF4 on the TERT promoter. We found that TERT inhibition attenuated endothelial flow alignment, elongation, and nuclear polarization in response to laminar FSS in vitro and in vivo. Among the flow-responsive genes sensitive to TERT status was heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), a gene required for endothelial alignment to laminar FSS. Thus, these data suggest an important role for a PGC-1-TERT-HMOX1 axis in the endothelial stabilization response to laminar FSS.