Coordination among leaf and fine root traits across a strong natural soil fertility gradient
Unravelling how fundamental axes of trait variation correlate among leaves and roots and relate to nutrient availability is crucial for understanding plant distribution. While the leaf trait variation axis is linked to nutrient availability gradients, the response of root trait variation to the same gradients yields inconsistent results. We studied leaf and root trait variation among 23 co-occurring plant species along a 2-million year soil chronosequence to assess how leaf and root traits coordinate and how this resulting joint axis of variation relates to soil fertility. Mycorrhizal association types primarily structured the axes of leaf and root trait variation. However, when considering species abundance, soil nutrient availability was an important driver of trait distribution. Leaves that support rapid growth in younger, fertile soils were associated with roots of larger diameter and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. In contrast, leaves that favour nutrient conservation in nutrient-impoverished soil were associated with greater root hair length and phosphorus-mobilizing root exudates. At the species level, the signals deviated from the community-wide results presented above, highlighting the challenge of generalizing a specific set of root trait values that consistently meet the requirements of leaves supporting either rapid growth or survival.