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Grieves, R. M.

Publications and source records attributed to Grieves, R. M..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

Environment symmetry drives a multidirectional code in rat retrosplenial cortex

A class of neurons showing bidirectional tuning in a two-compartment environment was recently discovered in dysgranular retrosplenial cortex (dRSC). We investigated here whether these neurons possess a more general environmental symmetry-encoding property, potentially useful in representing complex spatial structure. We report that directional tuning of dRSC neurons reflected environment symmetry in onefold, twofold and fourfold-symmetric environments: this was the case not just globally, but also locally within each sub-compartment. Thus, these cells use environmental cues to organize multiple directional tuning curves, which perhaps sometimes combine via interaction with classic head direction cells. A consequence is that both local and global environmental symmetry are simultaneously encoded even within local sub-compartments, which may be important for cognitive mapping of the space beyond immediate perceptual reach. One Sentence SummaryRetrosplenial directionally tuned neurons encode global environment symmetry even in local sub-compartments.

neuroscience

Grid cell firing fields in a volumetric space

We investigated how entorhinal grid cells represent volumetric (three-dimensional) space. On a flat surface, grid cell firing fields are circular and arranged in a close-packed hexagonal array. In three dimensions, theoretical and computational work suggests that the most efficient configuration would be a regular close packing of spherical fields. We report that in rats exploring a cubic lattice, grid cells were spatially stable and maintained normal directional modulation, theta modulation and spike dynamics. However, while the majority of grid fields were spherical, they were irregularly arranged, even when only fields abutting the lower surface (equivalent to the floor) were considered. Thus, grid organization is shaped by the environments movement affordances, and may not need to be regular to support spatial computations. One Sentence SummaryIn rats exploring a volumetric space, grid cells are spatially modulated but their firing fields are irregularly arranged.

neuroscience

Hippocampal place cells encode global location but not changes in environmental connectivity in a 4-room navigation task

Flexible navigation relies on a cognitive map of space, thought to be implemented by hippocampal place cells: neurons that exhibit location-specific firing. In connected environments, optimal navigation requires keeping track of ones location and of the available connections between subspaces. We examined whether the dorsal CA1 place cells of rats encode environmental connectivity in four geometrically-identical boxes arranged in a square. Rats moved between boxes by pushing saloon-type doors that could be locked in one or both directions. While rats demonstrated knowledge of environmental connectivity, their place cells did not respond to connectivity changes, nor did they represent doorways differently from other locations. Importantly, place cells coded the space in a global frame, expressing minimal repetitive fields despite the repetitive geometry (global coding). These results suggest that CA1 place cells provide a spatial map that does not explicitly include connectivity.

neuroscience

The place-cell representation of volumetric space in rats

Place cells are spatially modulated neurons found in the hippocampus that underlie spatial memory and navigation: how these neurons represent 3D space is crucial for a full understanding of spatial cognition. We wirelessly recorded place cells in rats as they explored a cubic lattice climbing frame which could be aligned or tilted with respect to gravity. Place cells represented the entire volume of the mazes: their activity tended to be aligned with the maze axes, and when it was more difficult for the animals to move vertically the cells represented space less accurately and less stably. These results demonstrate that even surface-dwelling animals represent 3D space and suggests there is a fundamental relationship between environment structure, gravity, movement and spatial memory.

animal behavior and cognition