Biology subjects

Gregory, J. R.

Publications and source records attributed to Gregory, J. R..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Engineering gene expression dynamics via self-amplifying RNA with drug-responsive non-structural proteins

The design of gene therapies with drug-regulatable expression of therapeutic payloads is of interest for diverse applications. We hypothesized that a regulated expression system based on alphavirus-derived self-amplifying RNAs (saRNAs), which encode 4 non-structural proteins (nsPs) that copy the RNA backbone to enable sustained expression, would have advantages in safety and simplicity of delivery. Here we designed saRNAs where payload expression is regulated by the FDA-approved drug trimethoprim (TMP), by fusing TMP-responsive degradation domains (DDs) to nsPs to regulate RNA self-amplification. Screening a library of nsP-DD fusions, we identified an optimal design with DDs fused to nsP2, nsP3, and the payload, achieving a high fold-change in expression level in response to TMP and low expression in the off state. In mice, this saRNA circuit enabled diverse dynamic expression patterns in response to oral TMP. Implementing this circuit for controlled expression of an HIV antigen, an escalating TMP regimen significantly enhanced germinal center responses critical for B cell affinity maturation. This drug- regulated RNA technology holds potential for vaccines, immunotherapies, and gene therapies.

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2025

Localizations and functions of septins are susceptible to epitope tagging

Septins are hetero-oligomeric cytoskeletal proteins that assemble into filaments and scaffolds on the plasma membrane to aid cytokinesis, morphogenesis, and other cellular processes. Epitope tagging is widely used to study septin localization and function. However, functionality testing of tagged septins is often insufficient because of technical challenges. Fission yeast provides an ideal genetic system to test functionalities and localizations of tagged septins. mEGFP/mYFP tagged septins Spn1 and Spn4 localize exclusively to the division site as double rings during cytokinesis, but tdTomato tagged septins also localize to puncta or short linear structures across the plasma membrane. It was proposed that these additional septin structures serve as diffusion barriers and are important for the localizations and functions of several proteins, including the NDR-kinase Sid2 and active Cdc42 GTPase. By analyzing cell morphology, cytokinesis defects, and genetic interactions between tagged septins and three mutations, we find that septins are less functional with tdTomato or 3HA than other tags. Additionally, Sid2 appearance at the division site is after septins and delayed in septin deletions, contrary to previous reports. Our data re-emphasize the need for rigorous functional tests of tagged septins and for caution in interpreting function and localization data when using epitope tagged septins. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTO_LIFission yeast septins Spn1 and Spn4, expressed under their native promoters, have drastically different localizations depending on the fluorescent tag used. C_LIO_LIBy assessing cell morphology, cytokinesis defects, cell integrity, and genetic interactions between tagged septins and other mutations, we find that septins are less functional when tagged with tdTomato/3HA compared to mEGFP/mYFP. C_LIO_LIOur data highlight the need for rigorous functional tests of tagged septins and caution when interpreting localization/function data because septin polymers are susceptible to perturbations by epitope tags. Our results also caution the caveats of using epitope tags to study other proteins, which is almost indispensable. C_LI

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2025

Roles of the MO25 protein Pmo25 in contractile-ring stability and localization of the NDR kinase Sid2 during cytokinesis

Mouse protein-25 (MO25) family proteins are crucial in development and morphogenesis from plants to humans. The fission yeast MO25 protein Pmo25 is essential for cell polarity and division. However, how Pmo25 regulates cytokinesis remains largely unknown. Here we found that the actomyosin contractile ring and septum formation were defective during cytokinesis in pmo25 mutants. Pmo25 physically and genetically interacted with the myosin-II light chain Cdc4, which is essential for the contractile-ring assembly and function. Additionally, pmo25 mutations had synthetic genetic interactions with all other tested mutations in contractile-ring proteins. Moreover, Pmo25 colocalized with the NDR kinase Sid2 and participated in its recruitment to the division plane. Furthermore, Pmo25 directly bound the Munc13/UNC-13 protein Ync13 and modulated the secretion of glucanase Eng1 to the division site for daughter-cell separation. Our data provide insight into how Pmo25 regulates cytokinesis and suggest that the conserved MO25 proteins can link various steps of cytokinesis.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Vaccines combining slow delivery and follicle targeting of antigens increase germinal center B cell clonal diversity and clonal expansion

Vaccines incorporating slow delivery, multivalent antigen display, or immunomodulation through adjuvants have an important role to play in shaping the humoral immune response. Here we analyzed mechanisms of action of a clinically relevant combination adjuvant strategy, where phosphoserine (pSer)-tagged immunogens bound to aluminum hydroxide (alum) adjuvant (promoting prolonged antigen delivery to draining lymph nodes) are combined with a potent saponin nanoparticle adjuvant termed SMNP (which alters lymph flow and antigen entry into lymph nodes). When employed with a stabilized HIV Env trimer antigen in mice, this combined adjuvant approach promoted substantial enhancements in germinal center (GC) and antibody responses relative to either adjuvant alone. Using scRNA-seq and scBCR-seq, we found that the alum-pSer/SMNP combination both increased the diversity of GC B cell clones and increased GC B cell clonal expansion, coincident with increases in the expression of Myc and the proportion of S-phase GC B cells. To gain insight into the source of these changes in the GC response, we analyzed antigen biodistribution and structural integrity in draining lymph nodes and found that the combination adjuvant approach, but not alum-pSer delivery or SMNP alone, promoted accumulation of highly intact antigen on follicular dendritic cells, reflecting an integration of the slow antigen delivery and altered lymph node uptake effects of these two adjuvants. These results demonstrate how adjuvants with complementary mechanisms of action impacting vaccine biodistribution and kinetics can synergize to enhance humoral immunity.

immunology↗