Factors affecting post-breeding endometritis, pregnancy rate and embryonic/fetal death in sport mares in two French commercial stud farms: special focus on age, parity and lactating status effects
BackgroundFor a long time, important and progressive fertility decline is observed with mare age. Parity and yearly breeding, however, are controversial factors impacting fertility. Most of these studies were performed on race horses and before 2010, on data accumulated before. The cumulative effects of age and nulliparity/nursing with improved reproductive technologies and practices, often observed in sport horses, has not been investigated yet. ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of age, parity and nursing, as well as reproductive management, on post-insemination inflammation and fertility in sports mares. Study designAge, parity, nursing status, follicular size before ovulation, estrus and/or ovulation induction, artificial insemination (AI) protocol, post-breeding inflammation and treatment, Day 14 pregnancies rates (PR) and number of embryos, as well as subsequent foaling the next year were recorded for 277 mares (506 cycles) over one breeding season in two French commercial studs. MethodsMultivariate logistic regression models were used. ResultsPR was 41.9% per cycle and 76.5% at the end of the season. Post-insemination fluid accumulation risk was increased in >10-year-old, barren or July or August inseminated mares (p<0.0001, OR=3.29, 5.389 and 3.329, respectively). PR were reduced in mares >10-year-old vs younger or inseminated with frozen vs fresh or refrigerated semen (p<0.05, OR=0.622 and 0.582, respectively). More pregnancy on Day 14 were observed in mares with multiple ovulations compared to mono- ovulation (p<0.05, OR=1.791). Regardless the age, PR only tended to be improved in multiparous (p=0.07, OR=1.434 in parous vs nulliparous) but in >10-year-old mares, multiparity greatly increased PR (44.09% in parous vs 30.89% in nulliparous, p<0.05). Main limitationsLimited number of mares. ConclusionIn sport horse, maternal age was more important than parity and lactating status for reproductive success but cumulative effects of nulliparity and aging was deleterious on PR, demonstrating their importance in the management of sport mares.