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Goodwin, R. J. A.

Publications and source records attributed to Goodwin, R. J. A..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

Training a neural network to learn other dimensionality reduction removes data size restrictions in bioinformatics and provides a new route to exploring data representations

High dimensionality omics and hyperspectral imaging datasets present difficult challenges for feature extraction and data mining due to huge numbers of features that cannot be simultaneously examined. The sample numbers and variables of these methods are constantly growing as new technologies are developed, and computational analysis needs to evolve to keep up with growing demand. Current state of the art algorithms can handle some routine datasets but struggle when datasets grow above a certain size. We present a training deep learning via neural networks on non-linear dimensionality reduction, in particular t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE), to overcome prior limitations of these methods. One Sentence SummaryAnalysis of prohibitively large datasets by combining deep learning via neural networks with non-linear dimensionality reduction.

bioinformatics

Microbiome-derived metabolites reproduce the mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased insulin sensitivity observed in type 2 diabetes

Diabetes is a global health problem that was estimated to be the 7th leading cause of death worldwide in 2016. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is classically associated with genetic and environmental factors, however recent studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiome, which is altered in T2DM patients, is also likely to play a significant role in disease development. Despite this, the identity of microbiome-derived metabolites that influence T2DM onset and/or progression remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that a serum biomarker for T2DM, previously of unknown structure and origin, is actually two microbiome-derived metabolites, 3-methyl-4-(trimethylammonio)butanoate (3M-4-TMAB) and 4-(trimethylammonio)pentanoate (4-TMAP). These metabolites are produced by the Lachnospiraceae family of bacteria, which are highly prevalent in the gut microbiome of T2DM patients and are associated with high dietary fat intake. Treatment of human liver cells with 3M-4-TMAB and 4-TMAP results in a distinct change in the acylcarnitine profile in these cells and significantly reduced their insulin sensitivity; both indicators of T2DM. These results provide evidence of a mechanistic link between gut microbiome derived metabolites and T2DM.

microbiology