Glasstetter, L. M. | Search bioRxiv

bioRxiv2025

Dissecting the biological impact of GBA1 mutations using multi-omics in an isogenic setting

GBA1 is a risk gene for multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Lewy Body Dementia and Parkinsons disease, and biallelic pathogenic variants in the gene result in the lysosomal storage disorder Gaucher disease. GBA1 encodes the enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase), and alterations in the gene result in reduced enzymatic activity, which affects lysosome function downstream. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a useful tool for testing the functional consequences of gene variants in an isogenic setting. Additionally, they can be used to perform multiomic studies to explore biological effects independent of disease mechanisms. Using CRISPR-edited isogenic KOLF2.1J iPSC lines containing pathogenic GBA1 variants D409H (p.D448H), D409V (p.D448V) and GBA1 knockout line generated by the iPSC Neurodegenerative Disease Initiative (iNDI), we examined potential molecular mechanisms and downstream consequences of GCase reduction. In this study, we confirm that this isogenic series behaves as expected for loss of function variants, despite the known difficulties with GBA1 editing. We identified that there are limited overlapping results across cell types suggesting potential different downstream effects caused by GBA1 variants. Additionally, we note that RNA-based quantitation may not be the best method to characterize GCase mechanisms, but protein and metabolomic analyses may be used to evaluate differences across genotypes.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2024

Development of quantitative high-throughput screening assays to identify, validate, and optimize small-molecule stabilizers of misfolded β-glucocerebrosidase with therapeutic potential for Gaucher disease and Parkinson's disease

Glucocerebrosidase (GCase) is implicated in both a rare, monogenic disorder (Gaucher disease, GD) and a common, multifactorial condition (Parkinsons disease); hence, it is an urgent therapeutic target. To identify correctors of severe protein misfolding and trafficking obstruction manifested by the pathogenic L444P-variant of GCase, we developed a suite of quantitative, high-throughput, cell-based assays. First, we labeled GCase with a small pro-luminescent HiBiT peptide reporter tag, enabling quantitation of protein stabilization in cells while faithfully maintaining target biology. TALEN-based gene editing allowed for stable integration of a single HiBiT-GBA1 transgene into an intragenic safe-harbor locus in GBA1-knockout H4 (neuroglioma) cells. This GD cell model was amenable to lead discovery via titration-based quantitative high-throughput screening and lead optimization via structure-activity relationships. A primary screen of 10,779 compounds from the NCATS bioactive collections identified 140 stabilizers of HiBiT-GCase-L444P, including both pharmacological chaperones (ambroxol and non-inhibitory chaperone NCGC326) and proteostasis regulators (panobinostat, trans-ISRIB, and pladienolide B). Two complementary high-content imaging-based assays were deployed to triage hits: the fluorescence-quenched substrate LysoFix-GBA captured functional lysosomal GCase activity, while an immunofluorescence assay featuring antibody hGCase-1/23 provided direct visualization of GCase lysosomal translocation. NCGC326 was active in both secondary assays and completely reversed pathological glucosylsphingosine accumulation. Finally, we tested the concept of combination therapy, by demonstrating synergistic actions of NCGC326 with proteostasis regulators in enhancing GCase-L444P levels. Looking forward, these physiologically-relevant assays can facilitate the identification, pharmacological validation, and medicinal chemistry optimization of new chemical matter targeting GCase, ultimately leading to a viable therapeutic for two protein-misfolding diseases. Significance StatementGaucher disease, the inherited deficiency of glucocerebrosidase, is caused by biallelic, loss-of-function mutations in the gene GBA1, which is also the most frequent genetic risk factor for Parkinsons disease. While the development of small-molecule stabilizers of glucocerebrosidase is being considered for both disorders, discovery and optimization of lead compounds is limited by the lack of robust cell-based assays amenable to high-throughput screening format. We developed a comprehensive assay pipeline for preclinical discovery of glucocerebrosidase modulators and began by screening libraries enriched with bioactive compounds with known mechanisms of action. The screen identified chemical matter with established relevance to glucocerebrosidase, provided an atlas of potential new molecular targets regulating the GBA1 pathway, and produced a set of promising potential therapeutics.

pharmacology and toxicology↗